To the readers:

After a couple weeks of painful writing process, now I finished the final version of this article. Please discard all old versions you might have in your file and use this version instead. For the convenience of redistribution of this article, and with consideration of the compatibility of the computer programs, I prepared two different files: one is .HTM file, which can be directly posted on Internet Web-Pages. The second one is ASCII.TXT File, which can be converted to different word processing programs and can be attached to e-mail programs as well.

As human beings, you are obligated to give your voice to the causes against human atrocities. If you don't, it may happen to you or your beloved ones. In the name of the victims of the Chinese genocide, I ask your supports to forward this article to whatever e-mail addresses, news-groups, web-pages and mailing-list that you can get. Let the information technology serve to the victims for once. If you are a student, you can introduce this paper to your professors and teachers and classmates as a subject on humanitarian and history studies. If you are a scholar, you can refer this to your colleagues and any human rights activists, organizations, academic institutions, or any other institutions. It doesn't matter who you are, your efforts and kindness toward to this vo lunteer campaign of exposing the genocide are greatly appreciated.

As the author of this article, I am fully responsible for its contents and whatever outcomes. I give all parties who are interested in this article the permission for publication, translation, reproduction, and distribution.

Again, IN THE NAME OF THE VICTIMS, please forward this article to people and help us to achieve the maximum exposure about this genocide. The 150,000 Mongolian dead victims and about a million survivors of the genocide deserve no less, but more attention than this article alone.

Thanks in advance and good luck with your forwarding activities.

Tsengelt Gonchigsuren

May 17, 1997. New York

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Chinese Genocide Against Mongols (Part One)

- The Genocide and Its Brutality and Savage Nature

Tsengelt Gonchigsuren

This article is dedicated to 150,000 Mongolian victims, whom the Chinese regime brutally killed during Chinese genocide against Mongols (1966-1976).

"In the Si Zi Wan banner, Boyanoboo Collective, perpetrators used razor blades to cut Mr. Jamsu's, the Collective's clerk, and his wife's red flesh piece by piece, pouring salt deep into the wounds and grinding it in with force. They then used burning hot red irons to press upon the severely wounded bodies. They called it "Barbecuing sliced meat." The couple were violently tortured to death, and soon after that, their child, a barely 5 month old infant, starved to death.

- Chapter Nine, Section 2, Page 202, Kang Sheng And The False Case of "The New Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party"

In early 1996, which is also the 30 year anniversary of the beginning of the worst ethnic cleansing crimes carried out against the Mongols by the Chinese authorities, a book written by Mr. Tumen called Kang Sheng And The False Case of "The New Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (NIMPRP)" was published in China. The 340 page book published by the "Chinese Communist Party Central Committee School Press" in Chinese, is merely propaganda, pretending to be history, being used by the Chinese authorities to distort the facts of the massacre of the Mongols during the cultural revolution, as well as to hide the Chinese chauvinistic agenda. Shortly after publication, all copies were seized by the Chinese government and appears to be no longer available.

The main objective of the book is to justify the 50 years of brutal Chinese Communist occupation of Inner Mongolia. In discussing the events of this period, Mr. Tumen documents some facts that reveal the horror of the period, and gives the reader a glimpse into the violent nature of Chinese chauvinistic nationalism and its practices. The book describes in detail some of those unspeakable crimes committed against innocent Mongols by the cold blooded Chinese killers and torturers.

The torture of human beings, in many cases to death, as described in this book, is nothing less than the crimes committed by the Nazis against the Jews. It is hard to imagine that this kind of evil has happened again in modern human history, especially in a country that claims a 5,000 years old civilization.

The so called "NIMPRP" incident touched nearly the entire population of Inner Mongolia, numbering around 1.5 million at that time. The case is one of many maliciously created pretexts used by the Chinese regime, to mobilize the Chinese mass population to persecute Mongols.

History will judge that this period witnessed one of the worst ethnic genocides perpetrated by any regime against an ethnic minority. In the face of rising Chinese ultranationalism in post-Deng China, who knows if another campaign of persecution is not just around the corner, this time to completely wipe out the Mongols. We may only pray and hope that our children would not fall victim to the Chinese authorities, carried out by socalled "ordinary Chinese", comparable to the Nazis' "ordinary Germans" that Mr. Goldhagen described in his book "Hitler's Willing Executioners".

Mr. Tumen's analyses and conclusions about the darkest 10 years in the 50 years of Chinese colonial rule in Inner Mongolia are utterly wrong. The first and perhaps major error was in his statement that the genocide was committed by only a few bad persons, led by a now dead official, Kang Sheng. Further, Tumen notes that except for their feelings towards these few misguided individuals, the Inner Mongolian population gladly accepts Chinese colonial rule. "Now everything is perfect"; because he implies that "the wound has healed so nicely, without even a scar". The Mongols have no such feelings. The undeniable facts are that during the decade under discussion, thousands of Han torturers openly killed at least 50,000 Mongols (according to a prestigious human rights organization The Asia Watch), and almost every one of them was killed in a violent way. The majority of the victims were the elites of Inner Mongolian society, the intellectuals who formed the core of Mongolian culture and society. About 800,000 Mong

ols who survived the concentration camps were maimed (including my parents and many of my relatives). Not one Mongol family was spared from the nightmare.

The killings became a big part of the torturers' daily activity for years "The horror reached a new level of macabre, with competitions for catching some struggling Mongols. Meetings and training courses were organized by the authorities so that the torturers could exchange their experiences about methods that would maximize the agony of the victim.

The shocking ordeals suffered by the Mongols during this period are still relatively unknown to the outside world. The stories described in this book continued for ten long years, 20 years after the Jewish holocaust, and the nations of the world had sworn "Never Again" But unlike the Jewish holocaust, the genocide of the Mongols remains unfelt by the conscience of humanity, let alone a glimmer of remorse on the part of the Chinese for what they have done to the Mongols and other minorities. Such a horrifying story needs to be told to the world and it deserves no less exposure than any other ethnic cleansing event in the history of humanity Exposing the horrible nature of the crime, as well as honoring the victims and protecting the value of the dignity of human beings are essential in preventing possible ethnic genocides in the future.

Today, the oppression of the minorities in China still exists and there is no sign of its ending in the near future. Furthermore, rising Chinese ultranationalism worries millions of non-Han people who live in China and there is no guarantee that tragedies such as this would not happen again. It is also fair to remind people that there is not even one memorial that is dedicated to those victims of the Chinese genocidal campaign. Though it is not going to ease the unbearable pain felt by the tens of thousands of Mongolian victims, it would represent a small step towards the final realization of humanity's oath as a whole -- "NEVER AGAIN".

Mr. Tumen deserves some credit for having documented a however small fraction of the tragedy of this period. It is the first book of this kind ever written, although almost every Mongol from Inner Mongolia has firsthand knowledge of the genocidal campaign. It is very important that one should not ever forget the horrible crimes against Mongols perpetrated by the Chinese communist regime, as carried out by socalled "ordinary citizens". Consequently, the book written by Mr. Tumen will serve as a reminder to future generations of the darkest period of Inner Mongolian history.

While I am writing this article, I am also worrying about many young Mongols in prison, who might have tried to say something about the Chinese brutal oppression. Today many Mongolian

political dissidents are held in the Chinese Gulag. What could they expect from their prison cells?

What kind of ordeals are those prisoners facing every day? Could it be the same horrors and tortures that their parents' generation suffered through? In order to expose the brutal crimes committed against Mongols, and the brutality and savage nature of the genocide, I translated some paragraphs from the book as following, which describe the horror of the genocide happened to some individuals and groups. I would like to tell you that these are just a fraction of the horror and much worse cases are left out by the author under the pressure of the government. I decline to make further comments and explanations about the atrocities, let those horrific stories speak by themselves.

On July, 27, 1978, a correspondent of 'The Inner Mongolia Daily News' Mr. Bao Qin Wu wrote his report from Wu-Shing banner Tuga Collective:

"In 1969, the Toga Collective only had a population of 2961, among them 1926 people were accused of being members of the "NIMPRP', about 71% of the adults. 270 people were under suspicion. 49 people were tortured to death and 270 people were severely maimed and 116 people lost their mobility and completely lost their productivity ... He also listed some of those horrific methods of torture used during that campaign.

"Using red hot burning wooden sticks to burn people - They took off the herdswoman's clothes exposing her naked body, then used the red hot burning wooden sticks to burn the woman's belly and her lower parts. When the skin was burned exposing a hole, the intestines were left dangling outside of her body. Then they burned her nipples and damaged her genitals, eventually made her become non-male, non-female humanoid. Until now (meaning 9 years later), the wounds in her belly cannot be healed and putrefying liquid constantly runs out.

Wolf teeth whip-- banded needles, and Pinch-pin with electric wire onto the leather whip, make it like a barbed whip. Use it to beat the victims, each time, it tears off a couple pieces of human flesh from the victim's back. After twenty some times, the skin and muscles of the whole back were torn off, the backbone is openly exposed. Later the huge wounds were infected, and became rotten, dead flesh. They refused to give any medical assistance, the person was rotten and eaten alive by the bacteria to death. When they beat the person, the blood and flesh were thrown everywhere and some of them stuck onto the walls, eventually it got so bad people couldn't go into the room because of the rotten smell.

Salting Bad Meat-- Use whips and clubs to injure people, then put salt onto the wounds, or boiling salt water, pour onto the wound and burn it. The victim's agony was unbearable, until he went crazy, eventually lost consciousness ...

Head Cuff - Use number 8 steel wire to bind victim's head, then use big pincers to twist the wire and tighten it up, the steel wire piercing into the skin and flesh... So metimes they used same method to wire up four people then tied them together with steel wire around a burning steel stove, nobody could move an inch.

Burn with red hot steel shelf - They put a steel shelf on the burning stove until it become red hot, then used it to press onto victim's head. The hair was burned, so the skin and flesh, the exposed head bone.. the burned blood and hot grease were running down to the face, burned the face ...

- The same book, page 203

Mr. Wangdan had been tortured many times. He calculated that he was tortured at least 252 times. One night, the Military Struggle Unit tortured him again and the wounds covered his whole body. Several bones were broken, and blood was running out from his mouth. Next day he couldn't get up. When he crawled to use the bathroom, he found that his waste was mixed with blood. Mr. Wangdan asked for medical assistance, the Unit refused. He started a hunger strike.

Later the doctor came but the illness of intestines had already reached severe stage.

- The same book, page 200

In ULan-Chav League (Aimag), during the fanatical struggles against the "NIMPRP", many unheard of body torturing methods were used. The director of the League's planning department, comrade Biligtu was brutally tortured to death. Before his violent death, his teeth were removed by them with gigantic pliers one by one, then they cut off his tongue and nose.

"In the Si Zi Wan banner, Boyanoboo Collective, perpetrators used razor blades to cut Mr. Jamsu's, the Collective's clerk, and his wife's red flesh piece by piece, pouring salt deep into the wounds and grinding it in with force. They then used burning hot red iron s to press upon the severely wounded bodies. They called it "Barbecuing sliced meat." The couple were violently tortured to death, and soon after that, their child, a barely 5 month old infant, starved to death.

The secretary of Damo banner, Mr. Bao Guo Liang's wife was accused of being a member of the "NIMPRP." The killers used a big rope to do 'sewing action' (means two people, grabs each end of a big rope, then make the naked victim ride the rope, two people tense and drag the rope with strength back and forth, as if doing sewing action, permanently dama ging her genitals. She became completely disabled.

Such bloody cases which happened in the Ulan-Chav League (Aimg) are not just some isolated incidents. These kinds of horror stories are found everywhere in Inner Mongolia, during the campaign against the so called "NIMPRP."

- The same book, page 202

In this book, there are many shocking stories documented and those heartb reaking ordeals are too hard to write and read. But these are still carefully chosen cases and many unspeakable, unprecedented atrocities, much worse individual cases are left out. Tens of thousands of much more inhumane torturing, killing, full of blood and tears cases are up there unrevealed, and need to be investigated thoroughly. Human beings, tortured this violently to death, must became ghosts and unjust spirits flying around trying to get their justice. Hundreds of thousands of violent and angry Mongolian dead victims' souls need to be honored and rest in peace.

The torturing methods that were used in the campaign numbered more than a thousand and evil creativity was called for inventing these methods. I selected some of them to put them here to try to make a comparative examples.

Continued to Part Two of "The Scope and the Seriousness of the Genocide In Its Historical Context"