_________________ WTN-L World Tibet Network News _________________
Published by: The Canada Tibet Committee
Editorial Board: Brian Given, Conrad Richter, Nima Dorjee,
Tseten Samdup, Thubten (Sam) Samdup
WTN Editors: wtn-editors@tibet.ca
______________________________________________________________________
Issue ID: 00/03/08 Compiled by Thubten (Sam) Samdup
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Wednesday, March 8, 2000
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Contents:
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1. China And The 17th Karmapa Lama
2. Karmapa will 'most probably' be allowed to stay in India
3. India would be 'morally wrong' to expel Karmapa: Dalai Lama
4. TIBET 2000: SURVIVAL OF THE SPIRIT
5. Tibet opera festival begins
6. Tokyo Governor mulls over Falun Gong request
7. THE RISING NEPAL
8. Pashmina Passion
9. Clarification from Free Tibet Campaign
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1. China And The 17th Karmapa Lama
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Asian Wall Street Journal
Mar 7, 2000
By JONATHAN MIRSKY
(Editor's Note: Mirsky is a London-based China specialist.)
HONG KONG (Dow Jones)--Last week Chinese authorities detained the
parents of the 17th Karmapa Lama, the Buddhist leader who fled Tibet for
India in early January. The detention of the 14-year-old Karmapa's
parents, the humblest of yak-herders, is proof of China's rage at the
boy's decision to flee and a warning to other Tibetans. Moreover, it is
a vivid reminder that on certain matters that it deems "Chinese
concerns," Beijing still ignores world opinion.
By detaining the Karmapa's parents, China has abandoned its explanation
that the highest-ranking Tibetan incarnation recognized by both the
Dalai Lama and by Beijing left Tibet merely to search for his ritual
black hat. The escape of the Karmapa was a body blow to Chinese claims
to legitimacy in Tibet. China invaded Tibet in 1950, and the Communists
have since waged war against the "evil religion" of Tibetan Buddhism,
destroying most of the country's monasteries. Thousands of Tibetans flee
the country each year, and there are widespread reports of political
prisoners.
In 1959, the Dalai Lama fled Tibet for India, where he heads a
government in exile in the northern hill town of Dharmsala. Chinese
authorities have routinely demonized the Nobel Peace Prize winner,
calling him a "political insect" and vowing to stamp out his "splittist
movement."
So when the Karmapa Lama appeared at the Dalai Lama's headquarters after
a dramatic escape over mountainous terrain from his monastery near
Lhasa, Beijing was forced to offer the now famous "black hat" excuse.
The comical implausibility of this was underlined by the fact that the
Chinese had already refused the Karmapa's plea to journey to India for
religious instruction from his most senior teacher.
Beijing once had high hopes for the young Karmapa. In 1994 the
11-year-old boy, whose identification had been sanctioned by the Dalai
Lama, was taken to Beijing where reportedly he said prayers for Mao
Tse-tung. As a doubly-legitimized religious leader of the highest
standing, the Karmapa would have been decisive in discovering and
approving a 15th Dalai Lama after the death of the present 14th
incarnation, who is 64.
The Karmapa's role is particularly vital because of the absence in Tibet
of a universally revered Panchen Lama, traditionally second only to the
Dalai Lama as a religious leader. In 1995 the Chinese kidnapped the
six-year-old boy designated as the 11th Panchen Lama by the Dalai Lama.
Neither he nor his parents have ever been seen again. His
Beijing-stipulated substitute, who has been publicized swearing
allegiance to President Jiang Zemin, China and the Communist Party, is
disdained by Tibetans.
The Karmapa Lama, on the other hand, has not turned out to be so
obedient. Indeed, the young religious leader is said to have refused to
prostrate himself before the Chinese-appointed Panchen last year. After
joining the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, the Karmapa was even more daring
in his defiance of Beijing. On February 19, safe in his Indian
sanctuary, the Karmapa stated, "Over the last 20 to 30 years, Tibet
suffered a great loss whereby Tibetan religious traditions and culture
are now facing the risk of total extinction."
Now his parents, Dhondup and Loga, herdsmen from a community of 70
yak-herding families until their son was discovered, have been taken
from their Lhasa residence back to their rural home where, according to
an official statement, they have been "detained for their own safety."
This is as likely as the hat story. Until shown to be otherwise, we must
assume that what has happened is a replay of the kidnapping of the
Panchen Lama and his family in 1995, except that this time the
incarnation himself has escaped the net. The fate of the rest of the
Karmapa's family is not known.
In the meantime, security officers have descended on Tsurphu, the
Karmapa's monastery 60 kilometers from Lhasa, which is now closed and
encircled by guards. Officials are said to be replacing the incumbent
monks with loyal men. The Chinese never rest in such security
operations. After the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, the qingcha or
ferreting-out went on for over a year, resulting in thousands of arrests
and executions and the purging of four million Party members.
The fact is Chinese authorities consider Tibet and by extension the
Karmapa Lama a "Chinese concern." In such matters Beijing will risk its
international reputation. Taiwan is just such an issue. China is now
menacing the island although this endangers its chances of persuading
the U.S. Congress to support its accession to the World Trade
Organization. Similarly, the authorities have cracked down on the vast
spiritual movement, Falun Dafa, although this, together with the
imprisonment of virtually the entire Democratic party, has predictably
provoked Washington into warning that it will condemn China at this
month's United Nations Human Rights meeting in Geneva.
Last year, when U.S. President Bill Clinton urged Jiang Zemin on Chinese
television to talk to the Dalai Lama, the Chinese president merely
laughed. Tibet, to use Henry Kissinger's phrase, is a "neuralgic" issue
for China. Now the Karmapa has given Beijing an additional headache. Of
course, wafting away the parents of a supreme incarnation - again - is
not the cure.
The Tibetans will never love or respect their occupiers. But Beijing is
reckoning on two things: It can hold Tibet in thrall with its army, and
hope for the best with a future tame 15th Dalai Lama whom the Chinese
assume they will appoint. It also assumes that Tibet is one of those
intractable China-related issues which Western leaders hope will go
away.
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2. Karmapa will 'most probably' be allowed to stay in India
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NEW DELHI: Wednesday, March 8, 2000 (Indian Express) -- March 8, 2000The
Dalai Lama has said that the Indian government has "informally,
unofficially" indicated to him that Karmapa Lama, who recently fled from
Tibet to India, would "most probably" be allowed to remain in this
country. "The formal response has not yet come but informally,
unofficially, some of my old friends in the ministry of external affairs
have indicated that the Karmapa will most probably be allowed to remain
in this country," he said when asked about the response from the
government to Karmapa Lama's request to stay and study in India, reports
PTI.
In an interview to Karan Thapar for BBC programme 'Hard Talk - India' to
be telecast on Saturday next, Dalai Lama said India's policy regarding
China in general and the Tibet issue in particular was "overcautious".
"I sometimes directly express this to my friends in the ministry as well
as some ministers also. Their position or attitude is a little
over-cautious. There's too much sensitivity or caution but, okay, that's
understandable," he said.
Dalai Lama said he was "fully convinced" that Karmapa Lama was not a
Chinese "stooge" and described him as "very sincere". "My judgement is
also based on his behaviour or mental attitude in the last few years in
Tibet. The Tibetan public, particularly in the Lhasa area, have
witnessed the young Karmapa as very tough and very spiritual-minded," he
said.
Asked about the impact on his relationship with the Indian government if
it refused permission to Karmapa to stay, the Tibetan spiritual leader
said though many Tibetans would be "gravely disappointed" and such a
decision would be "morally wrong", India "has provided us the maximum
help in spite of their own difficulties". To a question on the response
of Beijing to the situation in Tibet, he said the Chinese authorities
"lack courage or political will to address the reality. That's the
problem."
"Their whole thinking, their whole policy, is not rational. Their whole
policy relies on using force. Their top priority is stability and unity
but because their method is force and telling lies in reality it's
counter-productive," he said.
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3. India would be 'morally wrong' to expel Karmapa: Dalai Lama
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NEW DELHI, March 8 (AFP) - Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai
Lama, has warned India it has a moral obligation to allow a teenage high
lama who escaped from Tibet to remain here.
In an interview to be broadcast on the BBC World Service's "Hard Talk"
programme Saturday, the Dalai Lama said refusing the Karmapa Lama refuge
in India would be "morally wrong" and many Tibetans would be "gravely
disappointed" by such a decision.
"The formal response has not yet come but informally, unofficially, some
of my old friends in the ministry of external affairs have indicated
that the Karmapa will most probably be allowed to remain in this
country," he said.
Extracts of the interview were carried Wednesday by the Press Trust of
India.
The 14-year-old Karmapa -- who heads one of the four schools of Tibetan
Buddhism -- arrived in the northern Indian town of Dharamsala on January
5 after escaping from his monastery in the Tibetan capital Lhasa. The
Karmapa is recognised by both China and the Dalai Lama, and many Tibetan
exiles feel he could succeed the Dalai Lama as head of the Tibetan
freedom movement.
The Karmapa's arrival in Dharamsala -- seat of the exiled Tibetan
government -- was embarrassing for New Delhi which is keen to improve
ties with Beijing but has traditionally offered refuge to tens of
thousands of Tibetans.
The government has yet to make an official statement clarifying the
Karmapa's status in India.
While the Dalai Lama appreciated the help India has provided over the
years, he said he wished the government were less concerned with
annoying China.
"Their position or attitude is a little over-cautious. There's too much
sensitivity or caution but, okay, that's understandable," he said.
The Dalai Lama, who fled Tibet himself in 1953, also said he was "fully
convinced" of the Karmapa's sincerity, and rejected any suggestion his
escape was engineered by Beijing and aimed at undermining the Tibetan
movement.
"My judgement is also based on his behaviour or mental attitude in the
last few years in Tibet. The Tibetan public, particularly in the Lhasa
area, have witnessed the young Karmapa as very tough and very
spiritual-minded," he said.
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4. TIBET 2000: SURVIVAL OF THE SPIRIT
----------------------------------------------------------------------
21st-31st March, India International Centre
New Delhi - White Crane Films, in collaboration with the Tibet
Multimedia Centre and the Tibet Parliamentary and Policy Research
Centre, announces a 10-day cultural festival, "Tibet 2000: Survival of
the Spirit", to be held at the India International Centre from the 21st
to the 31st of March, 2000.
The festival aims at generating a new awareness and interest in the
history and culture of Tibet. For forty years, more than 100,000
Tibetans, including their leader the Dalai Lama, have made India their
home in exile. During this period, Tibetan refugees have become a
familiar sight in the country, usually in the winter months when they
can be seen selling sweaters on the streets of almost every major city
and town. Yet, surprisingly, very little is known about this community,
their background and recent history or their unique culture, which they
have worked hard to preserve in exile. "Tibet 2000: Survival of the
Spirit", the first festival of its kind in Delhi will be wide-ranging
and comprehensive, touching upon almost every aspect of Tibetan culture
and life, both in exile and in Tibet.
The festival presents a diverse range of feature films and
documentaries. These include the Indian premieres of "Caravan", recently
nominated for the Best Foreign Film Oscar; "Windhorse", a feature film
on life in present-day Tibet; and the award-winning feature documentary,
"Saltmen of Tibet". Khyentse Norbu's highly praised debut feature, "The
Cup", will be the opening night film.
Documentaries include: "The Spirit Doesn't Come Anymore", "The
Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche", "Kingdom of the Lost Boy", "Tibet's
Stolen Child", "Living Buddha", "The Spirit of Tibet, "A Song for
Tibet", "Escape from Tibet" and "A Stranger in My Native Land".
Acclaimed Dutch photojournalist Kadir van Lohuizen's stark and poignant
photographs of life in present-day Tibet will be exhibited in
conjunction with the young Tibetan photographer, Tenzin Dorjee's
photographs of the Tibetan diaspora.
The internationally praised Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts in
Dharamsala will present two evenings of traditional Tibetan music and
dance.
Throughout the festival, monks from the Dalai Lama's personal monastery,
Namgyal, will create the sand mandala of Avalokitesvara, the Buddha of
Compassion. This intricate sculpture of coloured sand will be ritually
dismantled at the end of the festival.
There will also be a seminar on the environment of Tibet and panel
discussions on topics ranging from Indo-Tibetan Relations to Travels in
Tibet. Participants will include the celebrated writer, Patrick French,
Tibetan historian, Tsering Shakya, Tibetan scholar and writer, Dawa
Norbu, and the writers Claude Arpi and Victor Chan.
The highlight of the festival will be a public talk by His Holiness the
Dalai Lama on the evening of the 30th of March
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5. Tibet opera festival begins
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DHARAMSALA, March 7, (Tribune News Service) - Trying to keep alive the
tradition of "shoton", Mcleodganj, the headquarter of the Tibetan
government-in-exile, came alive today with the annual great opera
festival starting to a colourful start.
Tibetans living in and around Mcleodganj came in large numbers to enjoy
the scintillating performances by the artistes from the Tibetan
Institute of Performing Arts. The five-day festival is held every year
to keep alive the tradition of "shoton", which is a dying art form in
Tibet because of cultural and religious repression.
Traditionally, the "shoton" festival began in Tibet on a full moon day
at the beginning of the summer monastic retreat. Since monks and nuns
practiced purification rituals on full moon days and ate no meat they
used to be served with yoghurt and hence the name "shoton", meaning
yoghurt was given to the festival.
In Tibet celebrations usually took place at Sera and Drepung monastaries
near Lhasa, Potala Palace and the Norbulingka, the winter and summer
residences of the Dalai Lama. Opera troupes would perform Lhama, the
Tibetan Opera based on the lives of famous figures in Tibetan Buddhism
and to receive the blessings of the Dalai Lama.
In Tibet, the festival used to be held in August but here in exile the
Tibetans hold it in March, immediately after the Losar teachings given
by the Dalai Lama.
The festival was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama. He along with the 17th
Karmapa, the head of the Kagyu sect, watched the performances.
The Dalai Lama, said the 17th Karmapa's main aim was to serve the Buddha
"dharma", which would not have been possible under the Chinese regime in
Tibet.
He further said the Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorjee, had taken a big risk
by fleeing from Tibet.
Making the Karmapa stand beside him while addressing the gathering, he
said it was a matter of great pride that the head of the Kagyu sect was
able to reach here safely.
The Dalai Lama said it was important for the Karmapa to concentrate on
his studies for the next 10 to 15 years.
The Dalai Lama congratulated the Tibetan artistes on their performances.
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6. Tokyo Governor mulls over Falun Gong request
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The Hindu
By F.J. Khergamvala
TOKYO, MARCH 7. The one person in Japan the Chinese would rather not
have anything to do with is Tokyo's Governor, Mr. Shintaro Ishihara.
Yet, it is Mr. Ishihara who must make the decision to refuse or accept a
request by the Chinese Communist Party's biggest internal enemy, the
Falun Gong sect for status as a non- profit organisation.
Officially, Beijing and Tokyo are sister cities, but the siblings are in
a state of estrangement since Mr. Ishihara took over less than a year
ago. On Thursday, if he allows the Falun Gong's application to set up a
Tokyo chapter as a non- profit activity organisation, it will add
another cause for direct friction between Tokyo and Beijing and quite
possibly between Japan and China. The Falun Gong has evolved into a
strong international movement, with bases in the U.S. and on the
mainland. The Chinese Communist party considers it the main threat to
social stability in the mainland. The sect has been outlawed and
condemned in the official media. Tokyo, as a city with a formidable
international media presence could be a platform, not only for further
publicity but also for fund collection drives.
Mr. Ishihara's frequent statements in support of Tibet, meetings with
the Dalai Lama, as well as a visit to Taiwan to meet the President, Mr.
Lee-Teng-hui where he gave support for Taiwan's identity, has riled
China. In the summer, after Mr. Lee leaves office, Mr. Ishihara hopes to
have him as Tokyo's guest. Mr. Ishihara has also spoken in favour of
India's security concerns which he said are justified because of China
positioning nuclear weapons on the soil of Tibet. Any approval of the
Falun Gong's request erects another barrier with China and raises the
sect's profile.
After a small group of signatories applied in November last year for
permission to be recognised as a non-profit organisation, the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government authorities have conducted a series of checks
under the relevant law to assess the integrity of the application. From
the other direction, through an envoy from its Embassy here, China has
asked Tokyo not to allow the grant of such status.
Mr. Ishihara responded harshly to the public pressure applied on him by
China. On February 25 he attacked Beijing's ham- handedness. Beijing had
warned that the approval of the Falun Gong (Falun Dafa) application
would bring about a further deterioration of sister city relations. The
Falun Gong is optimistic that the Ishihara Government will approve the
application. Claiming millions of members world-wide, the sect, which
literally enjoys ``cult'' status among the people in China but is
outlawed as a cult for that very reason in the mainland, has played its
hand in Japan very well.
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7. THE RISING NEPAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Nepal-China trade ties: March 7, 2000,
Except for some literature produced by the Trade Promotion Centre, there
is not much one can find on contemporary Nepal-China economic ties. This
must be embarrasing for the Nepalese academic community, given the rich
historical background. After all, there was a time when Nepal prospered
through the trade routes that linked China with India.
The responsibility for this neglect does not solely rest on the
shoulders of the venerable community; government policies, especially of
the nineties, are equally to be blamed.
China has been on the blind spot of latter-day policy makers despite
their emphasis on openness, liberalization and new trade treaties. Even
attempts to blend economic policies with the foreign policy, so-called
economic diplomacy, could not bring this vast country to the focus
deserved by a neighbour. It is in this environment of neglect that the
FNCCI's sanction of a study* on Nepal-China relations appears
commendable. Had there been enough literature flying around, the FNCCI
step might have appeared too meagre- an obvious step to bring to light
aspects that are already common knowledge even for the layman. Since it
is not so, the fact that contemporary issues have been brought to the
focus itself is an achievement.
What ails Nepal-China trade? Apart from policies of the two countries,
there are infrastructural problems. Most of the overland trade is
conducted through the Kodari Highway built some 35 years back and in
spite of the long years the last portion of the road, linking Tatopani
to the border, is still not blacktopped. A gravel road continues through
some distance even on the Tibetan side. Somehow, the repair works
carried out recently on the Kodari Highway could not include this last
stretch of the road in its list of activities.
Neither are there any kinds of storage facilities and godowns at the
border. Trade thus appears to be carried out on an ad hoc basis through
this important strategic linkage. Once the Sindhuli-Banepa highway is
complete pressures could mount for the existing facilities to be
upgraded and new ones added. This road, nearing completion, would not
only give a direct access for the plains to the northern border, but
would bypass the Kathmandu Valley as a transit point for the first time
after modernisation started in Nepal.
To pass through Kathmandu is painfully costly for goods originating in
the Tarai. Roads that come to the capital are famous for meandering
through unnecessary miles of difficult mountains and valleys. The
Sindhuli link therefore should make trade easier and help to restore the
country's image as the entrepôt that it once was.
Still, this study reveals that this is not the shortest route possible.
The proposed road from Rasuwa to Tibet would shorten the distance even
more as it passes through the historical Kerung pass. If another link is
established between Trishuli and the Galchhi point along the Prithvi
highway, this would indeed be the shortest trade route linking most
parts of Nepal with the Tibetan region of China. The Chinese have
already committed themselves to build a link through Kerung.
Another proposal the study makes is the linking of the settlements along
the northern border with short roads with the Tibetan highway that runs
along from the east to the west. One of the first beneficiaries would be
Humla, one of the most backward places in the Kingdom. About eight
kilometers of construction would make this place accessible through
roads, though Nepalese from other parts would have to travel to Tibet
first, travel along Tibetan territory and then enter Humla. There are
other places that could immensely benefit from links to the Tibetan
highway. The Nepalese used this method of travelling to reach southern
Nepalese towns- via the Indian transport network- before the Mahendra
Highway was built.
Roads alone are not enough to carry out trade, although this is a basic
requirement. A proper approach, policies and other infrastructural work
are absolutely necessary if gains are to be made through trade. And, in
this too the Nepalese have not made a dent worthy of consideration in
enhancing Nepal-China economic ties.
There is no bank to facilitate transactions on the Nepalese side of the
border, neither is it possible for Nepalese to open accounts in Chinese
banks on the other side. There is no exchange rate between the two
currencies. The language problem and lack of a trader-friendly visa
facility in both the countries have given rise to a dis-organised
trading system. Moreover, the road barriers along the Kodari highway and
the different costs imposed by the Tibetans on their side discourage
trading even further. All these need to be looked into and policy
remedies sought. The trading agreement between the two countries needs
updating because it was concluded in the early eighties, when both the
countries were only contemplating openness. Today, the situation is
different; both have come some distance through the path of openness.
The study goes on to suggest ways to reduce the trade deficit that is
piling up with growing trade between the two countries. Since, defict
trading is a problem with many countries, they read like a set of
recommendations to make Nepal an export production centre, not just ways
to manufacture exportables to China. But the China-specific suggestion
has to do with an industrial district at Panchkhal of which some
discussions have been made ever since the establishment of Nepal-China
Non-governmental Forum established in 1995.
Similar is the case with Chinese investment. Some important steps were
made when government to government cooperation was the order of the day.
Large industries were established with Chinese assistance and technology
which played an instrumental role in import-substitution. When the
private sector started being given a larger role in economic matters in
both countries, that pace has slackened. In Nepal, the high profile
Chinese aided industries were handed over to the private sector.
The study finds comparative advantages in the hydropower sector from
which both countries could benefit through joint-venture.
Tourism is another area identified. The authors would like to see
Nepalese benefit particularly from Indian tourists' desire to visit
Mansarowar and Mt. Kailash. But they should know that both China and
India are neighbours themselves and that the two religious sites are
nearer to the Indians via India itself, rather than via Nepal. And they
have not pointed out why the Indians would prefer to visit Tibet through
Nepal rather than do it through their own northern borders. Unless this
question is answered, there is little likelihood of any practical
progress over the matter.
There are 31 Chinese joint venture projects going on in different phases
at the moment in Nepal. The Chinese construction companies could invest
more in Nepal if there were facilities solely aimed at making their life
easier. For example, lack of bonded warehouse facilities has made it
difficult for them to keep their equipment in Nepal when they are out of
jobs, necessitating the transportation of the heavy equipment to and
from China frequently.
Though the book may not promise much for those who have been watching
Nepal-China economic ties closely, it would surely provoke one into
thinking about the changing perceptions in both the countries and the
need to adjust their policies to suit them.
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8. Pashmina Passion
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Tibetan Plateau Project
TIBETAN ANTELOPE ALERT
March 7, 2000
Consumer Reports March 2000
The frenzy for pashmina, traditionally a fine grade of cashmere from the
Capra hircus goat, appears to have peaked. This spring you're likely to
see a wealth of pashmina scarves and shawls deeply discounted at the
mall, on the web, and in off-price stores. But not all pashmina is
all-pashmina. Most items that retailed for $200 to $250 at holiday time
were a blend of cashmere and silk.
Label information can also be a little dicey. Federal law requires that
garment labels include the percentage of various fibers. Indeed, a $198
shawl from Nordstrom's was labeled 70 percent pashmina, 30 percent silk.
But pashmina isn't a government-recognized fiber name; it's cashmere and
labels should state "cashmere." Also, our tests showed the Nordstrom's
shawl to be closer to 45 percent cashmere, 55 percent silk. A $250
Kenneth Cole shawl we tested was labeled silk/pashmina, without
percentages. Only the $198 shawl from Talbots was accurately labeled 55
percent silk, 45 percent cashmere.
A Kenneth Cole representative says some shipments came into the country
without the proper labeling and that officials gave permission to use
paper hangtags stating fiber content. The one we bought had no hangtag.
The Cashmere and Camel Hair Manufacturers Institute tested shawls it
purchased on the web. "Typically they were labeled 70 percent pashmina
or cashmere, 30 percent silk," says president Karl Spilhaus. "More often
than not, they were 50-50." Some, he said, contained no cashmere at all,
but were a wool-silk blend.
Pashmina shouldn't be confused with shahtoosh, a fabric made in India
from the hair of the wild Tibetan antelope. The Tibetan Plateau Project,
which wants the animal on the endangered species list, says three
antelope are killed to make one shawl. In contrast, pashmina shawls are
made from goat hair that is sheared or plucked.
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9. Clarification from Free Tibet Campaign
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Tue, 07 Mar 2000
Free Tibet Campaign has asked AFP to refile its piece about Saturday's
demonstration, which appeared on World Tibet News of March 6 2000,
specifically to correct two points:
- that Saturday's demonstration is the 41st commemoration of the Tibetan
National Uprising, NOT a demonstration called for by Free Tibet Campaign
to coincide with the release of an internal police inquiry.
- that protestors should not be called "campaign militants" - Tibetans
and their supporters are peaceful people.
Alison Reynolds
Director
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