INTRODUCTION - CONTENTS

Dr. Wijnand J. Sengers (1927), Rotterdam

(This document is subdivided in 10 texts within Agora'. To retreive the texts please digit the key-word "drug policy").

Translaters of the Dutch version: Nellie Steffens (Amsterdam) and Richard Clark (Rotterdam)

First preliminary English edition (April 1989), 76 pages

This first English edition is far from complete. In particular a substantial amount of information was not yet available from the different European states. Please don't worry if this inventory makes you a little bit dizzy.

Any correction and further information will be welcome!

Further documentation is going on weekly, so the second edition in April 1990 will be more expanded and as we hope more accurate.

We agree with fotocopying this edition.

For all information: Dr Wijnand J. Sengers, Mathenesserlaan 359a,

NL3023 GC Rotterdam. Tel 31.10.4771077. No fax.

INTRODUCTION

Supposing that there is a lack of information, this is the start of a cumulative inventarisation of data concerning the present drugs policy of the above mentioned international organisations and in particular that of the European countries.

The composer is a Dutch psychiatrist who worked 17 years as associate professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Erasmus University in Rotterdam. There he founded in 1986 the European Movement for the Normalization of Drug Policy EMNDP (Postbox 2579, NL 3000 CN Rotterdam). His main goal with this Inventarisation is to help other people who are involved in drug policy, especially all those working together in the EMNDP.

Many (sub)headings are not yet filled. This is due to the information not being available to the composer. However, there is no comparable review on the subject that already exists in the international literature. This English edition will be subsequently revised annually. Anyone who wishes to help or who would like further information, is welcome to contact me!

What is meant by "drug policy" in this review, is the policy that is concerned with "drug abuse control", where "drugs" are understood to be all psychoactive substances that are mentioned in the schedules given by the U.N.'s Amended Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961/1972) and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971).

CONTENTS

1. DRUGS

1.1 What are drugs?

1.2 Reactions about drugs and drug users.

1.3 Arguments for penal prohibition of drugs.

1.4 Toxicity and dependence liability of the most frequently used drugs.

1.5 Research institutes

2. DRUG PROBLEMS

What drug problems are depends on who are defining these problems. Using this notion as a startingpoint, subdivisions commencing with the highest decisionmaking level can be made.

2.01 According to the U.N. and her Agencies.

2.02 According to the European Community (Council, Commission and Parliament.

2.03 According to the Council of Europe.

2.04 According to the governments of the European states.

2.05 According to local authorities.

2.06 According to police and customs.

2.07 According to the public prosecutors and the Courts.

2.08 According to (inter)national drug help organisations. 2.09 According to (inter)national professional bodies.

2.10 According to drugusers and their associations.

2.11 According to reports or publications not given in 2.01 u/i 2.10.

2.12 According to policy opposing movements (Concerned Citizens Drug Study and Educational Society, CO.R.A., EMNDP, DPF, I.P.D.C., NORML, League against Prohibition).

3. DRUG POLICY (policy preparating stages, policy as laid down by the law, law enforcement)

As well as the preparation stages and the policy as laid down by the law, enforcement of the policy is also brought

under this section. This is included because the E.M.N.D.P.

also directs itself to the policy enforcement by the police, customs, the judiciary and the care providing institutions. Moreover these 3 divisions within the policy itself form at the national and international level a coherent entity.

3.1 Drugs policy of international organisations.

3.1.1 United Nations, its secretariat and Agencies

3.1.1.1 General Assembly.

3.1.1.2 Secretarial activities:

a. Division of Narcotic Drugs.

b. Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC).

c. Secretary INCBd. Centre Soc Development and Humanitarian Affairs.

e. U.N. Social Defence Research Institute.

3.1.1.3 ECOSOC: Commission on Narcotic Drugs.

3.1.1.4 International Narcotics Control Board (INCB).

3.1.1.5 World Health Organisation.

3.1.2 European Community (commission, council, parliament)

3.1.3 Council of Europe: Pompidou Group.

3.1.4 International cooperation of the police and customs.

3.1.4.1 DEA (U.S.A.).

3.1.4.2 TREVI.

3.1.4.3 Internat. Criminal Police Organisation = Interpol.

3.1.4.4 HONLEA (Heads of Nat. Drug Enforcement Agencies).

3.1.4.5 Customs Cooperation Council (CCC).

3.2 Conventions and Agreements

3.2.1 Historical background of U.N. Conventions

3.2.2 U.N. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961).

3.2.3 U.N. Amending Protocol (1972) > Amended Single Convention

3.2.4 U.N. Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971).

3.2.5 U.N. Convention on Illicit Traffic in Narcotic drugs and Psychotropic Sunbstances (1988).

3.2.6 SchengenAgreement (1985) between FRG, France and the Benelux.

3.3 National drugs policy of European States

3.3.01 Albania

3.3.02 Austria

3.3.03 Belgium

3.3.04 Bulgaria

3.3.05 Czechoslovakia

3.3.06 Democratic Republic of Germany (DDR)

3.3.07 Denmark

3.3.08 Federal Republic of Germany (BRD)

3.3.09 France

3.3.10 Greece

3.3.11 Hongary

3.3.12 Iceland

3.3.13 Italy

3.3.14 Luxembourg

3.3.15 Malta

3.3.16 Netherlands

3.3.17 Norway

3.3.18 Poland

3.3.19 Portugal

3.3.20 Republic of Ireland

3.3.21 Rumania

3.3.22 Spain

3.3.23 Sweden

3.3.24 Switserland

3.3.25 United Kingdom

3.3.26 USSR

3.3.27 Yugoslavia

3.4 Drugs policy of local authorities.

4. NORMALISATION OF DRUGS POLICY

4.1 What is normalisation of the drugs policy? Criteria.

4.2 Reasons for normalisation.

4.3 Normalisation of the drugs policy of international organisations

4.4 Normalisation of international conventions.

4.5 Normalisation of national drugs policy.

4.6 Normalisation of the drugs policy of local authorities.

4.7 Normalisation movements/organisations/groups.

4.8 Conferences about normalisation and decriminalisation.

5. IMPORTANT LITERATURE ON THE SUBJECT OF NORMALISATION

5.1 Books of reference (pocketbooks, encyclopedias, dictionaries, lexica, statistical material, list of addresses, annuals, catalogues, congress reports)

5.2 Monographs.

5.3 Bibliography (general, special, lecture reports).

5.4 Magazines.

5.5 Articles

5.6 Notes

5.7 Documentaries (video tapes etc.)

5.8 Libraries and data centres.

5.9 Authors on the subject of normalisation.

6. NOTEWORTHY STATEMENTS

7. ABBREVIATIONS AND ADRESSES