Compiled by Antonella Dentamaro and Paolo Pietrosanti.

The following are members by right of the Radical Party Federal Council:

14 Euro-MPs (3 of whom are also members of the Italian Parliament) from 9 different groups and lists.

128 Italian parliamentarians, including 5 ministers and 6 undersecretaries, from 10 different parties and groups.

220 foreign parliamentarians, including 8 ministers and 3 vice-ministers, representing 42 countries, from 72 different parties and lists.

N.B. We have only been able to compile brief notes on some of the people listed, due to the problems of communicating information. We could have decided to standardize the length of the biographies, for example by omitting some of the statements we received. We have chosen, however, to include all the information that we believe communicates the essence of today's Radical Party through the human and political experiences of its members, even if in so doing we risk being "inconsistent".

These biographical notes were compiled with the help of: Laura Arconti, Gianni Betto, Michele Boselli, Marino Busdachin, Daniela Cacace, Divna Gigovska, Paolo Cesari, Marcella D'Ambrosio, Sergio D'Elia, Gianfranco Dell'Alba, Olivier Dupuis, Alessandra Filograno, Luca Frassineti, Natasha Goliaeva, Tamara Jadrejcic, Nikolaj Khramov, Massimo Lensi, Silvja Manzi, Sandro Ottoni, Giorgio Pagano, Irina Podlesova, Olivia Ratti, Mihai Romanciuc, Mirie Rushani, Antonio Stango, Mariana Stefanic, Andrea Tamburi, Anna Tothfalusi and Maurizio Turco.

References: Agorà Telematica, "La Navicella" 1992

RECORD OF MEMBERSHIP UPDATED TO 22 DECEMBER 1992.

Mahmed ABASSOV

Azerbaijan

Born in 1949, lives in Nahichevanj, member of Azerbaijan Parliament

An economist whose principal commitment is to the struggle to bring peace to the Nagorno Karabakh territory. Mahmed and a member of Parliament from the Republic of Armenia went to Stepanakert in Nagorno and to the respective capitals of Yerevan and Baku, where they supported a number of nonviolent initiatives and the proposal for a Transcaucasian Federation which can now be taken further by the Parliamentary group willing to promote it.

Salvatore ABBRUZZESE

Italy

Born in 1950. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

Graduated in jurisprudence. A member of the Italian Socialist Party since 1969, he was appointed as a member of the national assembly in 1984. Elected as Deputy for the first time in 1992, he is a member of the Committee for the Public and Private Sector Works and is Secretary of the Special Committee for EC Policies.

Giancarlo ACCIARO

Italy

Born in 1951. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Sardinian Action Party ticket.

A naval college graduate, he then went on to serve in the Navy. Supporter of the Sardinian Action Party since 1978 and member of the party leadership. Former councillor with responsibility for industry and trade at Porto Torres, he was elected provincial councillor in 1985, and was Deputy Chairman of the provincial council until 1990. He presently runs the Department of Education, Culture and Sport. Secretary of the All-Party Group in the Chamber of Deputies. Elected for the first time in 1992, he is a member of the Committee for the Environment, Territory and Public Works.

Mohamed ADEN SHEIKH

Somalia

Born in 1935. Former Minister of Information.

A doctor (graduating and specializing in Italy) who was elected Minister several times in Somalia before the Socialist revolution degenerated into the Siad Barre dictatorship: in the 60s he was one of the prime movers in the attempt to radically transform the pastoral Somali society in the name of "scientific Socialism". For defending his people, and opposing Siad Barre who had by then become a fierce dictator, he was arrested regardless of Parliamentary immunity, and held for more than six years in the underground prison of Labatan Girow under barbaric conditions while awaiting trial. When the pressure exerted on Siad Barre by Italy (following the mobilization of the Radical Party) resulted in Dr. Aden finally being given a trial, a verdict of "not guilty" was pronounced; however, this did not prevent Siad Barre from keeping him under house arrest for a further nine months. When he was at last freed, in 1989, Dr. Aden moved to Italy, joined the Radical Party, and is doing everything he can to save the Somal

i people and Somalia itself.

Konstantin ADZHAROV

Bulgaria

Born at Plovdiv in 1951. Leader of the Christian Republican Party. Member of the National Assembly elected on the Social Democratic Alliance (OSD) ticket, a splinter group of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP).

Member of the Parliamentary Committee for Foreign Policy and the Committee for Religion. He holds a degree in philosophy and English. Konstantin has also worked as a journalist, being an expert in the field of international cooperation. He has never belonged to any political party. He began to be active in politics in 1989 as a member of the Club which supported glasnost and perestroika. Having signed the petition for rights and freedom presented by the Club, he was one of the seventeen people arrested in Sofia on 5 May 1968. He also signed the appeal for human and constitutional rights presented by 121 Bulgarian intellectuals. Leader of the Christian Republican Party since its foundation, he was re-elected Party Leader in November 1990 with a four-year mandate. Member of the Board of Directors of the National Committee for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Vahid AGAGASANOV

Azerbaijan

Born in 1950 and a resident of Baku. Member of the Azerbaijan Parliament.

A mechanical engineer, he also obtained a degree in Agriculture at the University of Kirovabad in 1974. In 1981 he attended the Communist Party Institute. From 1983 until 1986 he was Secretary of the Party Committee in the Babek region. He was Secretary of the Communist Party Committee in Nahevican from 1986 until 1991. He was a member for two terms of government of the Supreme Soviet of the Autonomous Republic of Nahicevan, and today is a Member of the Azerbaijan Parliament for the Milli Medgelis Region.

Adelaide AGLIETTA

Italy

Born in 1940. Member of the European Parliament. Leader of the European Parliament's Green Group.

A member of the European Parliamentary Committee for Foreign and Institutional Affairs, and Member of the Delegation for Relations with the former Yugoslavia. She has also been elected to the Italian Parliament several times. Radical Party Secretary in 1977 and 1978, the year in which she was chosen to be on the jury at the Red Brigade trial in Turin. Promoter of the Italian Centre for Sterilization and Abortion (CISA) in Turin, she was one of the leaders in the battle to have abortion depenalized. Between 1987 and 1988, Adelaide was one of the creators of the referendary campaign for equitable justice.

Edik AKOPJAN

Armenia

Born in 1941 and resident in Yerevan. Member of the Armenian Parliament.

Gurgen AKOPJAN

Armenia

Born in 1956 and resident in Yerevan. A member of the Independent Re-establishment Movement, an extremely moderate centre party, and Member of the Armenian Parliament.

An hydraulic engineer, journalist and translator from English. In 1980 he was elected to the Yerevan municipal council, and re-elected as councillor for three terms of government. From 1980 until 1982 he was First Secretary of KOMSOMOL (Yerevan Communist Youth Movement). He was Secretary of the Central Committee of KOMSOMOL from 1982 to 1990. In 1990 he was elected to the Armenian Parliament. Since 1990, Gurgen has been Secretary of the Committee for the Environment and Natural Resources. He is also a member of the Armenian Greens.

Laurent AKOUN

The Ivory Coast

Resident of Abidjan. National Secretary for International Relations of the Ivory Coast Workers' Party (PIT).

In February 1992, Laurent was arrested at the house of Francis Wodie, Secretary of the The Ivory Coast Workers' Party, during a meeting of various members of the party leadership. On the pretext of having to accompany them to the Ministry where they were wanted for an "identity check", the Police transferred them to the "Agloun Camp", where they were kept under surveillance by the National Guard. Together with a hundred or so Party activists they were accused of crimes they had not committed, and also condemned for these same crimes. In reality, a demonstration had been held a few days previously during which there were clashes between demonstrators and police, with many people being arrested. Akoun and the other leaders of the Ivory Coast Workers' Party, who were opposed to holding demonstrations because they provided the Government with an excellent excuse for reprisals, were included in the police dragnet precisely for this reason. The Radical Party launched an appeal to all citizens and Parliamentarians

throughout the world, urging them to bring pressure to bear on the Prime Minister so that he might release the political prisoners immediately. The Head of Government, after having received hundreds of postcards and letters, decided to grant amnesty to the prisoners on 31 July.

Sergej AKSENOV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1961 and lives in Alma Ata. Member of the Kazakhstan Parliament.

Member of the Committee for the Environment. In 1984 he joined the Communist Party and became a member of the Regional Committee of the PCUS in the city of Karaganda. In 1990 he finished his studies at the Polytechnic and was elected to the Kazakhstan Parliament as the candidate representing the Saranji group of industrialists. Sergej is also a member of the splinter group Harmony between Peoples. One of this group's objectives is to make Russian the offical language in Kazakhstan.

Nikolaj AKSININ

Estonia

Born in 1924 and resident in Tallinn. Former Member of the Supreme Soviet of Estonia.

Former General in the Russian Army and ex-member of the PCUS.

Boris AKULOV

Moldavia

Born in 1954 and lives in Rybnica. Member of the Moldavian Parliament.

Electrical engineer. In 1989, he took part in the strike organized by the workers' movement and the Workers' Committee of Rybnica. He was elected to the Moldavian Parliament in 1990. Member of the Committee for Radio and Television Broadcasting of the Dniestr Republic. Member of the Management Committee of the Dniestr Joint Association of Workers.

Abdurahaman ALITI

Macedonia

Born at Zelino in 1945. Lives in Tetovo. Member of the Macedonian Parliament elected on the Party for Democratic Prosperity ticket, the Albanian minority's largest party.

Graduated in jurisprudence at Skopje. From 1986 until 1988 he was Chairman of the Health and Social Problems Committee in Tetovo. He was one of the official delegates at the 7th Congress of the Macedonian Communist Party and at the Macedonian Trade Unions Congress. He was expelled from the Communist Party between 1988 and 1990 as he was suspected of being both a nationalist and a separatist. He is presently a member of the Committee for the Constitution and the Parliamentary Committee for Justice.

Eshref ALIU

Macedonia

Born in 1940 and lives in Skopje. Member of the Macedonian Parliament elected on the Party for Democratic Prosperity list, the Albanian minority's largest Party.

Bachelor of Arts. He has worked as a teacher, and also in the Employment Office for Yugoslavs abroad at the consulate in Freiburg. Eshref has held the position of Secretary in a number of Communist Party workers' associations. As a journalist, he edited the arts page of Flaka, a newspaper in Albanian that comes out four times a week. He was also Editor-in-Chief of a children's newspaper called Fatosi. He has published poetry and also a novel entitled The Traces of Time. Member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity since 1990. Co-ordinator of the PDP-NDP Parliamentary group and Member of the Committee for Parliamentary Foreign Affairs.

Hamit ALIU

Macedonia

Born at Sipkovica in 1951. Member of the Macedonian Parliament elected on the Party for Democratic Prosperity ticket, the Albanian minority's largest Party.

Hamit has a degree in economics and works for the "Telkom" Company in Tetovo. He is one of the founders of the PDP.

Shulamit ALONI

Israel

Born at Tel Aviv in 1929. Member of the Knesset (Israeli Parliament). Leader of the Meretz-Democratic Israel, a group comprising the Ratz, Mapam and Shinui Parties. Minister of Education and Culture.

A lawyer and a teacher. Elected to the Knesset for the first time in 1965 on the Labour Party ticket, he held the position of Minister without Portfolio in the Rabin Government of 1974. In 1966 he founded the Israeli Consumer Rights Council. Member of the Centre for Peace in the Middle East. Founder and Leader of the Ratz - the Israeli Party for Civil Rights - and a member of the Radical Party since 1988.

"I am proud to be a member of the Transnational Radical Party which uses democracy to obtain fundamental civil rights, equality between peoples, and peace and human dignity for the citizens of all nations. I know that today each one of us must take up our positions and must be counted amongst the ranks of those who are struggling for a better life, brotherhood of man and freedom of spirit, individual creativity and free enterprise; and those who desire to work together regardless of national borders, different religions or any other barriers."

Lazaro Loretto ALONSO PEREA

Cuba

Chairman of the Association for the Defence of Political Rights.

He is the first Cuban dissident on the Island to become a member of the Radical Party. On the occasion of the campaign for a democratic Cuba and for the release of nonviolent political prisoners and their right to be expatriated, recently promoted by the Radical Party and supported by 200 Parliamentarians throughout the world, Lazaro Loretto Perea Alonso sent a letter of thanks and appreciation for the iniziative undertaken by the Radicals to restore democracy to Cuba. His letter was delivered to the Rome Headquarters of the Radical Party via diplomatic channels, thanks to the intervention of the Italian Embassy in Cuba. From Havana, Lazaro Loretto communicated his decision to join the Radical Party on 13 October 1992 through Orlando Gutierrez - of the Directorio Revolucionario Democratico Cubano - an exile living in Miami.

Wilfredo ALVAREZ VALER

Peru

Born in 1937. Member of the Patriotic Movement for National Unity. Member of the Peruvian Chamber of Deputies.

Wilfredo is a lawyer.

"In a world in which democracy is the only individual and collective instrument for guaranteeing peace, freedom and justice, joining forces to create a powerful nonviolent movement (both libertarian and socialist) to protect the environment, requires a common effort on the part of everyone who inhabits the Earth. The continuous assault on nature, the destruction of the environment, and also the survival of our children in an inhospitable and hostile world, the lack of interrelationship between peoples which prevents scientific and technological progress from benefitting humanity, are the biggest obstacles to be overcome before we can find an harmonious solution to world problems. I am interested in applying Radical Party policies in my country and, consequently, sympathetic to your initiatives and to your new choice of being transnational."

Emil ANASTASOV

Macedonia.

Born in 1956 at Stip. Secretary of the League for Democracy, a non-Parliamentary party.

A law graduate. He works as Secretary in a foreign language school.

René ANDREANI

Italy

Born in 1933. Former Member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Green Group.

He first became a Radical Party activist in 1979. A member of the Federal Council since 1982, he has also been on the Board of Auditors since 1983. His committment to fighting death from starvation has been both unstinting and enthusiastic. He coordinated the "Pannella for EC Commissioner" initiative for Radical Radio. René also organized the Radical Party's latest referendum platform against pesticides. An antiprohibitionist from the very begining, he was one of the promoters of the Rainbow Greens, holding first the position of Treasurer and then that of National Spokesman. Former member of the Federal Council of the Greens Federation and of the Management Committee of CORA (Radical Antiprohibitionist Organization).

Sergej ANDREEV

Russia

Born in 1961 and resident in Moscow. Member of the Supreme Soviet of the republic of Russia.

Sergej Andreev is an engineer.

Aldo ANIASI

Italy

Born in 1921. Member of the party leadership of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), and elected to the Chamber of Deputies.

Freelance journalist. Member of the PSI leadership since 1972. He fought with the Partisans as Division Commander, and was given a Silver Medal for valour. Awarded a Gold Medal for his work in the field of education and culture and a Silver Medal by the Ministry of Justice for his social work. He was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1976, and was Deputy Speaker of the Chamber from 1982 until 1992. He held the position of Minister of Health in four different Governments and was Minister for Regional Affairs in Spadolini's Government. He is currently Chairman of the Committee for Culture, Science and Education.

Lembit ANNUS

Estonia

Born in 1941. Former Member of the Supreme Soviet of Estonia. Former leader of the Estonian Communist Party. Chairman of the Human Rights Committee.

A history graduate, he began to be active politically in 1963 as a member of KOMSOMOL.

Gaqo APOSTOLI

Albania

Born in 1961. Member of the Albanian Parliament elected on the Albanian Social Democratic Party ticket.

Gaqo Apostoli is an engineer.

Ioan ARDELEAN

Romania

Resident in Zalau. Member of the National Salvation Front (FSN). Former Member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 as an independent.

Ioan Ardelean is a journalist.

Viktor ARESTOV

Moldavia

Born in 1931 and lives at Traspoly. Member of the Moldavian Parliament.

Dental surgeon. Head of the General Outpatients Clinic for Stomatological Diseases in Traspoly. Viktor became politically active in 1989 when he took part in the strike contesting the law which discriminated against the use of the Russian language. Elected to the Moldavian Parliament in 1990. In 1991 he took part in organizing the secession of the Republic of Dniestr from Moldavia.

Umar AVTURHANOV

Russia

Born in 1948 and lives in Katerechnyj. Joint leader of the Freedom Movement.

Umar Avturhanov is a magistrate.

Ivan BABIC

Croatia

Born in 1962. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ). Former Member of the Croat Parliament elected on the HDZ ticket.

A farmer who during the first democratic elections in Croatia supported, in particular, the ecological use of the country's resources. In January 1992 he was responsible for seven deserters from the Serb Federal Army joining the Radical Party. At present, he is chief peace negotiator at the Nova Gradiska front.

"I joined the Radical Party because it is striving to create peace and friendship between peoples, and to distribute food more fairly at a European and international level, and that is to say also involving the Croat peasants in all this so that they might improve their standard of living and reduce the number of starving children. Lastly, I have joined to participate in the battle to bring about man's return to nature."

Vera BABIC

Croatia

Born in 1948. Member of the Croat Parliament elected as an independent affiliated to the HDZ, the majority party with a nationalist and conservative bias. Deputy Minister of Works.

Vera lives and works in Zagreb as a legal consultant. She has been involved in politics since 1989, supporting the programme of the HDZ even though not a member. A member of the Committee in charge of drawing up the new Croat Constitution which was approved in 1990. She had never joined a political party before.

"I first became interested in the Radical Party when, in fact, the proposal to hold the Party Congress in Yugoslavia was turned down, and rejected a second time during the war in Croatia, at a moment when we were all waiting to hear the "voice" of Europe and of the world. The voice of the transnational Radical Party, which was fighting for the rights of my country so that it might participate on an equal level in the creation of a European homeland, was a salve for our wounds. I have never been a member of a political party, even though I actively support the HDZ programme in the Croat Parliament. I joined the Radical Party not only out of recognition but also because I am convinced that its objectives are consonant with the most important values present in the juridical and constitutional system of my country, as set down in the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, which I had the honour of helping to draft."

Safeddin BAJRAMOVIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Born in 1942 and lives at Sarajevo. Member of the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament.

Sarajevo has been under siege for months. They have no electricity, no food, no running water, no fuel, and communication is virtually impossible. Safeddin Bajramovic joined the Radical Party in November 1992 by sending in the coupon from our newspaper. We are unable to obtain any other news of him at present.

Aden BAJRI

Kosovo

Born in 1940 and lives at Prishtine. Member of Parliament elected on the Democratic League of Kosovo ticket.

Aden Bajri is a lawyer.

Dezider BALOG

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1962. Member of the ROI (Romska Obcanska Iniciativa), the Rom Civic Initiative. Former member of the Czech Parliament.

Student. As a Member of Parliament he was on the Committee for the National Economy.

Angiolo BANDINELLI

Italy

Born in 1927. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Radical Party ticket.

One of the founders of the Radical Party of which he was Secretary in 1970, 1972 and 1973, and Treasurer in 1969. At the end of the 70s he was a Rome city councillor and a Deputy during the 9th term of government. He has been managing editor of many Radical publictions, from Prova radicale to Notizie radicali, and has collaborated on reports and inquiries broadcast by Radical Radio.

Francesco BARBALACE

Italy

Born in 1942. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

A political science graduate and local government official. First elected Deputy in 1983. At present he is serving on the Transport, Postal and Telecommunication Service Committee.

David BASHALEISHVILI

Giorgia

Born in 1963 and lives at Tbilisi. Member of the party leadership of Georgia's Green Group. Member of the Georgian Parliament.

Obtained a degree in geology in 1987, and went on to specialize and graduate in Business Management at the Faculty of Economics. He joined the Green Group in 1990 and the Radical Party in the spring of 1992. In the October 1992 elections, he was elected Member of the Georgian Parliament on the Greens list.

Agashir BASHIROV

Azerbaijan

Born in 1951 and resident in Messaly. Independent and Member of the Azerbaijan Parliament.

In 1970 he completed his studies at the Polytechnic and went on to become an engineer. He was a member of the Soviet of both the city and region of Messaly. In 1990 he became a Member of the Azerbaijan Parliament, as a candidate representing the building contractors.

Antonio BASLINI

Italy

Born in 1928. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Liberal Party ticket.

Joined the Radical Party in 1987. A member of the Italian League for Divorce (LID), he conducted a long battle alongside the Radicals to have the Divorce Law approved in Italy, which he himself presented together with Loris Fortuna.

Istvan BATTA

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1954. Member of the Coexistence Movement, the main party of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia (against the break-up of the Federation). Member of the Federal Parliament elected on the Coexistence ticket.

An engineer with a degree in agriculture. Following a very serious accident, he has been receiving a disability pension for a number of years. He has been a member of the Radical Party since 1991.

"What could an individual belonging to an Hungarian ethnic minority be looking for in the Radical Party? The answer is very simple. I am looking for the possibility to create a new dimension for man and for the economy, a dimension which has been annhilated in the past by the culpable negligence of the superpowers. Creating this new dimension according to old methods would bring more injustice and suffering: our ethnic minority has already suffered cruelly in the course of this century. We can conceive of peaceful coexistence in our region, only if it is based on mutual tolerance, on nonviolence and respect. I am convinced that only a "Regional Europe" can defeat the forces of destruction bent on waging war. I hope that all the curses and burdens of the past will lose all meaning, and have no purpose, in the new European federation."

Giampaolo BATTISTUZZI

Italy

Born in 1941. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) list.

Managing Director with a degree in jurisprudence. Local and provincial government official. He was National Secretary of the Liberal Youth movement, former Undersecretary of the PLI and a member of the Party Executive. As well as having been on the RAI-Radiotelevisione Italiana Board of Directors, he was one of the founders, and the managing editor, of the Liberal newspaper L'Opinione. First elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1983. He is currently Leader of the Liberal Group in the Chamber and is a member of the Committee for Foreign and EC Affairs.

Jean Michel BAYLET

France

Born at Toulouse in 1946. Former Leader of the Radical Movement of the Left. Member of the UN Economic and Social Council. Minister of Tourism.

Graduated in law and social science at the University of Toulouse. A professional journalist and President, since 1973, of the La Depeche du Midi Group, which comprises six different publications, an advertising agency and a radio station. Member and co-founder with Robert Fabre of the Radical Movement of the Left. Elected Mayor of Valence d'Agen in 1983. Secretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Fabius Government. Secretary of State for the Joint Territories at the Ministry of the Interior in the Rocard Government.

Nasufi BEHLUL

Serbia

Born in 1955 and lives at Preshevc. Member of the Albanian Party for the Albanian Democratic Minority of Serbia. Member of the Serb Parliament elected on the Albanian Democratic Action Party ticket.

Nasufi Behlul is a sociologist.

Jan Wilhem BERTENS

Holland

Born in 1936 at Maastricht. Member of Democracy 66. Member of the Democratic Liberal Group in the European Parliament.

Former Dutch Ambassador to a number of South American countries. Deputy Chairman of the European Parliamentary Committee for Human Rights. Member of the Committee for Foreign Affairs and Security and temporary member of the Committee for the Preservation of the Environment and for the Health and Protection of Consumers. Temporary member of the Committee for Development and Co-operation. Member of the Delegation for Relations with Central American Countries.

Virginio BETTINI

Italy

Born in 1942. Member of the European Parliament and member of the Green Group.

A university professor who has promoted "Ban the Bomb" initiatives since the 70s. At present he is Deputy Leader of the Delegation for Relations with China and a member of the Energy, Research and Technology Commission of the European Parliament

Mariana BEZDADEA

Romania

Mariana lives in Iasi. She is a member of the Romanian Ecological Movement (MER). Former Member of the Romanian Parliament who was last elected in 1990.

Mariana Bezdadea is a university professor.

Halim BICHLURIN

Russia

Born in 1949. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Halim is a member of the Committee for Youth Activities.

Rumen Z. BIKOV

Bulgaria

Born 9 May 1958. Member of the Alternative Social-Liberal Party (ASP), one of the fifteen Parties comprising the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) Group. Member of the National Assembly elected on the SDS list. Minister of Industry and Commerce.

An engineering graduate and a specialist in complex production and marketing systems. He is married with two children. He began to be politically active in 1989. Co-organizer of the SDS, he has also held various posts in regional and national government.

Mersei BILALLI

Macedonia

Born in 1956 and lives at Gostivar. Deputy Leader of the People's Democratic Party of Macedonia.

Hristo BISSEROV

Bulgaria

Born in 1955. Member of the National Assembly elected on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

Hristo is a practising lawyer. He was one of the co-organizers of the Green Group within the SDS after the party split. Founder and former Leader of the Ecological Conservative Party (Ecoglasnost) formed in 1992. Member of the National Security Committee. Member of the Co-ordinating National council of the SDS.

Ioan BIVOLARU

Romania

A resident of Tirgu Neamt. Member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN) and Member of the Romanian Parliament.

Ioan Bivolaru is an engineer.

Skender BLAKAJ

Kosovo

Born in 1945 and lives at Prishtine. Member of Parliament elected on the Democratic League of Kosovo ticket.

Skender Blakaj is a journalist.

Risto BLAZEVSKI

Macedonia

Born in 1938 and lives at Skopje. High-ranking official at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Macedonia.

Risto is a political science graduate.

Nicolae BOBU

Romania

Born in 1949 and lives at Tirgu Jiu. Leader of the Rom General Assembly in Romania.

Nicolae Bobu is a lawyer.

Mircea BODEA

Romania

Resident of Cimprilung. Member of the National Salvation Front (FSN). Former Member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 on the FSN list.

Mircea Bodea is an economist.

Philip BOKOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1948 and lives at Sofia. Member of the Social Democratic Alliance (OSD), splinter group of the Bulgrian Socialist Party (BSP), the former Communist Party. Member of the National Assembly elected on the BSP list.

A graduate of the Moscow Institute for International Relations, he was a diplomat from 1974 until 1980, and also from 1985 until 1990. From 1980 to 1985 he worked as a journalist. He began his political career in January 1990 when he became a Member of the Supreme Soviet of the BSP. Spokesman for the BSP in 1990-91. In June 1990 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly. He is presently opposition spokesman for foreign affairs.

"I am joining the Radical Party because I agree with its tolerant and nonviolent political approach. I am of the opinion that a United Europe will contribute to the peace and stability of our continent in an ever-changing and turbulent world. I also support the Radical Party campaign to abolish the death penalty which violates the most fundamental of human rights: a right to life."

Emma BONINO

Italy

Born in 1948. Leader of the Radical Party. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Pannella list.

A languages and foreign literature graduate, she is one of the promoters of the CISA (Sterilization and Abortion Information Centre), and played a leading role in the battle against illegal abortion. As a Radical, she has been elected several times to both the Italian and European Parliaments. She was one of the first members of the Radical Party and has dedicated her energies to making international voters aware of the problem of death from starvation. As a founder member of Food and Disarmament International, in May 1981 she was one of the promoters of the Nobel Prizewinners' Manifesto against death from starvation and pro-development. She has been Leader of the Radical Party since 1989, and is presently Secretary of the Board and a member of the Committee for Social Affairs.

Vincenza BONO PARRINO

Italy

Born in 1942. Senator elected on the PSDI (Italian Social Democratic Party) list.

Former Minister of National and Cultural Heritage, she was the first woman of socialist ideals to hold the post of Minister. An arts graduate and freelance journalist, she has been responsible for the publication of literary essays and historical and political papers on reformist Socialism, and more specifically on: Flora Tristan, Poudhon, Lassalie, Turti, Kuliscioff and Luxembourg. A member of the PSDI since 1969. She has held various posts in local, provincial and regional government. She is particularly interested in social problems, and has been a member of the national Civil Rights Committe of the PSDI for many years, participating in the creation of the most important laws regarding women's lib. Elected Senator for the first time in 1987, she was appointed Deputy Leader of the PSDI Group and took part in the negotiations for the formation of the Government. She is now Leader of the PSDI group in the Senate and Chairwoman of the Defence Committee.

Giovanni BONOMO

Italy

Born in 1933. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Republican Party (PRI) list.

A doctor of medicine specializing in surgery. Qualified lecturer in pathology and clinical surgery. Bari University professor since 1979. First elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1992, he is a member of the Committee for the Environment, National Territory and Public Works.

Erno BORBELY

Romania

Member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR). Former Member of Parliament elected on the UDMR list.

Former prisoner (he was incarcerated for almost 5 years, from 1982 until 1987) jailed for having taken part in the creation of an organization for the defence of human rights and the rights of ethnic minorities. Elected at Mircurea Ciuc, city of the Siculi.

Willer BORDON

Italy

Born in 1949. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) - former Italian Communist Party - ticket.

A journalist and PDS offical. Mayor of Muggia for many years, he promoted a local referendum opposing the building of a coal-fired power station. He was one of the first Mayors to sign the appeal against death from starvation. He joined the Radical Party during the Italian Congress held at Rimini in May 1989, and since then has played an active role in Party affairs. First elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1987, he is a member of the Defence Comittee, the RAI-Radiotelevisione Italiana Watchdog Committee and the Election Committee.

Franco BORGIA

Italy

Born in 1943. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A jurisprudence graduate, he is a practising lawyer and managing director. Member of the PSI since 1963 he has served as a local and regional councillor many times, and is also a member of the PSI National Assembly. Member of the Committee for Constitutional Affairs, of the Presidency of the Council and of the Budget, Treasury and Planning Committee.

Felice BORGOGLIO

Italy

Born in 1941. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party list.

Member of the Socialist Youth Federation from 1965 to 1967. Mayor of Alessandria in 1972. First elected Deputy in 1979, he is member of the constituent Committee of S.O.S. Razzismo Italia and of the Finance Committee.

Aleksandr BORIAK

Russia

Born in 1950. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Head of the Department of Foreign Economic Relations. A specialist in US problems, he then became a teacher and principal at various secondary schools and also a university lecturer. Elected to the Soviet by the Boards of Education, he has never been a member of any other political party.

Juri M. BORISSOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1956 at Pernik. Member of the Executive of the Management Committee of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). Member of the National Assembly.

Member of the Committee for Education and Science. A philosophy graduate, he was Assistant Head of the Philosphy Department at the Sofia School of Medicine from 1983 to 1990. In 1990 he founded with a number of other comrades the Socialist Youth Association of which he was Chairman until December 1991. He was also a Member of the Constituent Assembly.

"The Radical Party, even though it is called a "party", is more a movement to which political figures united by common values belong. The end of the cold war makes it possible for transnational political concepts and initiatives to be organized extremely effectively at an international level. The Radical Party is a unique "movement" which is making this possibility a reality. If countries join forces to realize political objectives ranging from public life to legislation, it will accelerate the democratization and humanization of the Society in which we live."

Gian Mauro BORSANO

Italy

Born in 1946. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

He is an engineering graduate and a mechanical engineer. An entrepreneur and owner of many financial and industrial businesses. Member of the Budget, Treasury and Planning Committee and of the Social Affairs Committee.

Jean Claude BOUDA

Burkina Faso

Born in 1959 and lives in Ouagadougou. Member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Worker's Movement (ODP/MT). Member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Treasurer of the ODP/MT since 1991.

Roberta BREDA

Italy

Born in 1952. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

A member of staff at the University of Udine, she has been a member of the PSI since 1970. Former executive in the Health Department of the Udine CGIL (General Federation of Italian Workers). First elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1983, she is presently Secretary of the Socialist Parliamentary Group and a member of the Production, Trade and Tourism Committee.

Iuliu BRENDUS

Romania

Resident in Aiudi. Member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR), a party which counts thirty Deputies amongst its ranks. Former Member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 on the UDMR list.

Evgenija BRONNIKOVA

Russia

Born in 1945 and lives in St. Petersburg. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

A journalist who, before becoming a member of the St. Petersburg Soviet, was managing editor of the house journal published by the local Teacher's Training College. She is a member of the Management Committee of the St. Petersburg Union of Journalists, and was proposed as a candidate by the Union of Journalists and supported by the People's Front. A member of the Soviet's Mass-media Committee, she also hosts a TV programme called "Parliament Speaks".

Antonio BRUNO

Italy

Born in 1945. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Democratic Party of the Left (PSDI) ticket.

Independent farmer. Member of the Taranto City council and former Mayor of San Marzano. Held the post of Undersecretary for Defence in 1991. First elected Deputy in 1987, he is a member of the Committee for Constitutional, Home and Presidency of the Council Affairs.

Andrea BUFFONI

Italy

Born in 1940. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A jurisprudence graduate and a lawyer. He is presently Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Repealing Parliamentary Immunity and a member of the Defence Committee. Temporary Deputy Leader of the Socialist Parliamentary Group. Former leader of the PSI Youth Federation and Secretary of the Lombardia Federation. Mayor of Gallarate from 1975 to 1983. Member of the National Assembly of the PSI since 1983. Former Secretary of the National Disasters Committee.

Antonino BUTTITTA

Italy

Born in 1933. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list. Regional Secretary of the PSI for Sicily and a local councillor.

An arts graduate and university professor. First elected Deputy in 1992, he is a member of the Committee for European and Foreign Affairs and also of the Committe for Culture, Science and Education.

Veli BYTYCI

Kosovo

Resident of Prisren. A member of the Albanian Christian Democrat Party and Member of the Kosovo Parliament.

Veli Bytyci is a journalist.

Peppino CALDERISI

Italy

Born in 1950. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Radical Party ticket.

During the tenth term of government he was Leader of the European Federalist Group in the Chamber of Deputies, and was also elected for the two previous terms of government. Candidate on the Referendum list in 1992. Treasurer of the Radical Party in 1985 and 1986, he drafted many questions for referendums on which he organized the collecting of signatures. Peppino is also one of the promoters of the Radical Association for a Democratic Constituent Assembly (ARCOD).

Stefano CALDORO

Italy

Born in 1960. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A political science graduate and a freelance journalist. Member of the Socialist Youth Federation from 1982 until 1984. A former local councillor, he was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1992.

Maurizio CALVI

Italy

Born in 1936. Senator elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

Local government executive with the Latium Region. Member of the Latina municipal council. Former Deputy Chairman of the Anti-Mafia Committee. Secretary of the Committee for Agriculture and Group Leader of the Employment and Social Welfare Committee. He also chaired the Committee of Inquiry into Money-Laundering. First elected Senator in 1987, he is currently Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Constitutional, Home and Presidency of the Council Affairs, and also the Committee for State and Public Administration Systems.

Alma CAPPIELLO

Italy

Born in 1948. Elected to the Senate on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A civil lawyer, she specializes in family law. The themes of justice and women's rights have always been of particular interest to her and it is in this area that she has concentrated her energies and political activity. A former municipal councillor in Milan, she campaigned to have the Centro Azione Milano Donna set up at the municipal council. First elected Deputy in 1987, she has been a Member of the leadership and National Executive of the PSI since then. Co-author of Codice Donna, the first body of national laws and international acts regarding women, and also a member of the Legal Committee and the Parliamentary Committee for Institutional Reforms.

Branko CARATAN

Croatia

Born in 1938. Full Professor of Comparative Politics with the Faculty of Political Science at Zagreb.

A Doctor of Political Science since 1972, he graduated at the Faculty of Jurisprudence at Zagreb. He is a specialist in the political systems of Eastern European countries, and particularly the Soviet system. At the interparty elections in the beginning of the 70s he was elected to the principal body of the Communist League of Croatia. In 1989 he was re-elected to the Secretariat of the Party for Democratic Reform (now known as the Croat Social Democratic Party (SDP), as Foreign Affairs Chief. As a member of the Central Committee of the ex-Federal (Communist) Party, he paticipated in the 14th Congress during which the split between the orthodox and reformist groups and the break-up of the Federal Party in power occurred, which were replaced by individual parties in the republics of the former federation. In the Communist organization, he belonged to the reformist group which accepted pluralism and multiple-party elections and organized the Party along social democratic lines. He ceased to be a member of the

SDP in 1991 and has been a member of the Radical Party since then. "I believe the most significant aspect of the Radical Party is the fact that it is transnational. All other Parties tend to concentrate on, and are limited by, national objectives. The transnational Party is not limited by such restrictions, and can realize its aims which are not governed by the struggle for power but, above all, by "human coordinates". The transnational Radical Party can function as a means of communication between peoples and can be instrumental in realizing common goals: supporting Europe and a new EC model that is open to everyone and really capable of creating the conditions for economic co-operation, for democracy and for peace."

Giorgio CARDETTI

Italy

Born in 1943. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

Former Mayor of Turin. He joined the PSI when very young and was leader of the Socialist Youth Movement. A reporter with the RAI-Radiotelevisione Italiana since 1969, he has covered the most important events in Turin and Piedmont for both radio and television.

Antonio CARIGLIA

Italy

Born in 1924. Member of the European Parliament. Leader of the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI). Member of the Chamber of Deputies. Chairman of the Committee for Foreign and EC Affairs.

A Doctor of Political Science and magistrate at the State Audit Court. A freelance journalist, he also fought with the Partisans during the war. Former National Secretary of the Italian Workers' Union (UIL). A member of the PSDI leadership and Party Secretary from 1988 to 1992. Permanent member of the International Socialist Bureau and Italian representative at the UN Assembly. Leader of the PSDI Parliamentary Group.

Giorgio CARTA

Italy

Born in 1938. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Social Democratic Party list. Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Finance.

A medicine graduate specializing in surgery, he is also a Chief Cardiologist. Freelance journalist. Former town councillor of Cagliari and regional councillor several times. A member of the leadership of the PSDI, and head of the Health Department.

Guglielmo CASTAGNETTI

Italy

Born in 1943. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Republican Party (PRI) list.

A philosophy graduate and secondary school headmaster. He began his political career with the PRI in 1977. Undersecretary of State for Industry, Trade and Crafts and Trade delegate in the 6th Andreotti Government. He is presently Deputy Leader of the Republican Group in the Chamber and is on the Manufacturing, Trade and Tourism Committee.

Franco CASTIGLIONE

Italy

Born in 1931. Senator elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

A lawyer who was elected Town councillor of Udine several times, and also Deputy Mayor. First elected Deputy in 1972 and elected Senator in 1983. Undersecretary of State for Justice in the Goria Government. At present, he is temporary Deputy Leader of the PSI Group in the Senate. He is a member of the Regulations Committee, the Legal Committee, the Committee for Constitutional, Home and Presidency of the Council Affairs, and the Committee for State and Public Administration Systems.

Emidio CASULA

Italy

Born in 1939. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

He has a degree in engineering, and has been a member of the PSI since 1963. Former Mayor of Gonnosnò in the province of Cagliari. First elected Deputy in 1992, he is on the Election Committee, the Defence Committee and the Special Committee for EC Policies.

Ioan CATARIG

Romania

Resident of Nassaud. Member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN). Member of the Romanian Parliament elected on the FDSN ticket.

Luciano CAVERI

Italy

Born in 1958. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Union Valdotaine list. Leader of the All-party Group in Parliament.

A political science graduate and an arts and philosophy undergraduate. TV reporter with the RAI-Radiotelevisione Italiana since 1980. Telecaster and anchor man and collaborator on weekly programmes, he also has his own radio programme. First elected Deputy in 1987, he was one of the youngest Parliamentarians in the 10th term of government. Former Secretary of the All-party Group. At present, he is a member of the Committee for Constitutional, Home and Presidency of the Council Affairs, Secretary of the Special Committee for examining Parliamentary immunity reform bills, and also a member of the Bicameral Committee for Institutional Reforms.

Giuliano CELLINI

Italy

Born in 1947. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

A biology graduate and a member of the PSI National Assembly. He is presently on the Trade and Tourism Committee and on the Special Committee for EC Policies. Former PSI Regional Secretary for Umbria.

Muharem CERO

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Born in 1954 and lives in Vitez. Member of the Democratic Action Party (SDA) and member of the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament.

Muharem is a lawyer. Sarajevo has been under siege for months now. There is no electricity, no food, no running water, no fuel, and almost all forms of communication are impossible. He joined the Radical Party by sending in the coupon from our newspaper in November 1992. But we can obtain no further news of him at present.

Giuseppe CERUTTI

Italy

Born in 1938. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list. Chairman of the Committee for the Environment.

An architecture graduate and practising architect. Former Mayor of Borgomanero. First elected Deputy in 1987, he is presently a member of the Election Committee.

Vladimir CHERNYSHEV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1938 and lives at Alma Ata. Member of the Kazakhstan Parliament and Secretary of the Building Committee.

Massimo CHIAVENTI

Italy

Born in 1951. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) ticket.

A jurisprudence graduate, he was first elected Deputy in 1992. Member of the Transport, Postal and Telecommunication Services Committee.

Andrea CHITI BATELLI

Italy

Chairman of ERA (Radical Esperantist Association).

As Parliamentary Counsellor to the Senate, he also held the position of Secretary of the Italian Parliamentary Delegations at the European Assemblies, for over twenty years. A supporter of the European Federalist Movement since 1944, he has studied the problems of European unification at length and published numerous essays, including Una lingua per l'Europa.

Vincenzo CIABARRI

Italy

Born in 1952. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) ticket.

Former Italian Communist Party official. He has held various political posts with institutions, and is now a member of the Committee for Foreign and EC Affairs.

Antonio CIAMPAGLIA

Italy

Born in 1955. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI) ticket.

He works for the Campania Region and was first elected Deputy in 1992. Secretary of the Budget, Treasury and Planning Committee.

Fabrizio CICCHITTO

Italy

Born in 1940. Senator representing the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A jurisprudence graduate who, as a member of the PSI leadership, was Chief of the Press and Propaganda Office at the time of the divorce referendum. Now, he is Head of the Office for Industry, State Shareholdings and Agriculture. First elected Deputy in 1976, he is a member of the Industry, Trade and Tourism Committee.

Roberto CICCIOMESSERE

Italy

Born in 1946. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Pannella list.

A member of the Radical Party since 1967. A conscientious objector. He even went to prison to uphold his right and, following this initiative, the right to conscientiously object to military service was recognized in Italy in 1972. In 1973, he founded the League for Conscientious Objection (LOC) of which he was National Secretary for three years. Treasurer of the Radical Party in 1970, Secretary in 1971 and 1984, and Organizing Secretary of the Italian League for Divorce (LID). Member of the European Parliament. Promoter and administrator of the Agorà telematica multilingual telematic communications system. Deputy Leader of the European Federalist Group in Parliament.

Francesco CIMINO

Italy

Born in 1933. Senator representing the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). Former Undersecretary of State with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

An agronomist who was first elected Senator in 1983. Undersecretary of State with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in the Goria Government. Member of the Management Committee of the PSI Group in the Senate. Member of the Agriculture Committee.

Drissa CISSE

Burkina Faso

Born in 1946 and lives at Bobo Dioulasso. A member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Worker's Movement (ODP/MT) and a member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Francesco COLUCCI

Italy

Born in 1932. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

Former Secretary of the PSI Federation in Brindisi, then Deputy Secretary of the Milanese Federation. Undersecretary with the Ministry of Finance many times, and also with the Post and Telecommunications Service in the 5th Fanfani government. First elected to the Chamber in 1972, he is presently Security Chief of the President's Office, and is also on the Finance Committee.

Giovanbattista COLUMBU

Italy

Born in 1920. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Sardinian Action Party.

Constanta COMISEL

Romania

A resident of Craiova and Member of the National Liberal Party. Former Member of the Romanian Parliament last elected in 1990.

Constanta Comisel is a doctor.

Franco CORLEONE

Italy

Born in 1946. Former Senator elected on the Radical Party list.

Former Leader of the European Federalist Group for the Environment in the Senate. A member of the Radical Party since 1972 he was Secretary of the Lombardia Radical Party, and President of the Federal Council in 1982. One of the promoters of the "Rainbow Greens" list, he was also a Member of the European Parliament. He denounced, together with Domenico Modugno and with the collaboration of Radical Radio and "Espresso", the abominable conditions in which the inmates of the Agrigento mental hospital were forced to live.

Michele CORTESE

Italy

Born in 1935. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A surveyor and contractor who has been a member of the PSI since 1976. A member of the PSI Regional Committee and of the provincial Executive Committee. First elected as Deputy in 1992, he is on the Committee for the Environment, Territory and Public Works.

Robinio COSTI

Italy

Born in 1943. Member of the European Parliament. Deputy elected to the Chamber on the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI) list.

He holds a degree in sociology and is Deputy Leader of the PSDI Parliamentary Group. A former municipal councillor of Rome, he was elected to the European Parliament in 1989, and has also been a member of the PSDI leadership since then.

Daniela CRASNARU

Romania

A resident of Bucharest and former Member of the Romanian Parliament. She was last elected in 1990 as an Independent.

Daniela is a sculptress.

Piero CRAVERI

Italy

Born in 1938. Former Senator elected on the Radical Party ticket.

Municipal councillor of Naples in 1987, elected on the Radical Party list. Benedetto Croce's grandson and Professor of History of Parliamentary Institutions at Naples University. In 1985 he was regional councillor of Campania on the Civic and Green List.

Angelo CRESCO

Italy

Born in 1941. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

A union leader in the early 60s, he was a member of the National council of the General Federation of Italian Workers (CGIL). He was Undersecretary for Labour and Social Security several times, and also Undersecretary for Industry and Commerce and for Public Transport and Civil Aviation. At present he is Secretary of the Defence Committee.

Paolo CRISTONI

Italy

Born in 1945. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A member of the Modena and Emilia Romagna PSI leadership.

Ferenc CSUBELA

Serbia

Born in 1937 and lives at Osijek. Member of the Vojvodina Croat Democratic Union (DSHV). Member of the Serb Parliament.

A political scientist and a graduate of the University of Social and Political Sciences of Novi Sad. He has held various posts in political institutions. During the past thirty years he has made an individual contribution to the development of the social and cultural life of both his region and country. For an entire decade he was Chairman of the Editorial Committee of the Monograph of the Republic and Chief of the Voluntary Fire Brigade. He has often been criticised, humiliated and thwarted because of his opinions and the position he has taken at a political level to defend the rights of the Hungarian ethnic minority. He is a founder member of the Hungarian Democratic Community of Vojvodina, which he has represented in the Belgrade Parliament for two years.

Istvan CSUTAK

Romania

He lives in Mircurea Ciuc. Member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR), a party counting thirty or so Parliamentarians amongst its ranks. Former Member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected on the UDMR list.

An engineer who also works for Dialog magazine.

Evgenij CUMARO

Belorussia

Born in 1956 and lives at Minsk. President of the Minsk Social Democratic Party Federation of Belorussia. Member of Parliament and Secretary of the Committee for Education and Culture of the Belorussian Parliament.

Achille CUTRERA

Italy

Born in 1929. Elected Senator on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A jurisprudence graduate and lawyer. A university professor until 1972. managing editor of the Rivista Giuridica dell'Ambiente and of the Annuario Europeo dell'Ambiente. A member of the Socialist Party since 1958, he is also on the PSI Committe for Town Planning and the Environment.

Carlo D'AMATO

Italy

Born in 1943. Deputy elected to the Chamber on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

Deputy Chairman of the Transport, Postal and Telecommunication Services Committee. A jurisprudence graduate and an attorney-at-law. Municipal councillor of Naples since 1980, and Mayor of Naples from 1984 to 1986. Member of the PSI National Assembly. He was first elected Deputy in 1987.

Piero D'ANDREAMATTEO

Italy

Born in 1944. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A managing director, he is a member of the National Executive of the of the General Federation of Italian Industry (CIGL). In 1978, he ceased his work as a trade unionist and was elected as provincial Secretary of the PSI. A regional councillor many times, he was first elected Deputy in 1992. He is a member of the Committee for Public and Private Works.

Alessandro DALLA VIA

Italy

Born in 1941. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) ticket.

A commercial law graduate and an auditor. He served as municipal councillor of Vicenza for two terms of local government. Elected Deputy for the first time in 1992, he is Deputy Chairman of the Finance Committee.

Jose' DAVILA SABARIS

Venezuela

Born in 1958 and lives at Caracas. Member of the Venzuela National Congress.

Stelio DE CAROLIS

Italy

Born in 1937. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Republican Party (PRI) ticket.

Freelance journalist and author of papers on environmental problems. Former regional councillor of Emilia Romagna and former Deputy Chairman of the National Association of European Municipal Councils and Regions. First elected Deputy in 1987, he was formerly Deputy Leader of the Republican Parliamentary Group. Undersecretary of State for Defence in the 6th Andreotti Government. Member of the Agriculture Committee.

Francesco DE LORENZO

Italy

Born in 1938. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) ticket.

Former Minister for the Environment and Undersecretary for Health in the 1st Craxi Government. A surgeon and full Professor of Biochemistry with the Faculty of Medicine at Naples University. He has been extremely active in the field of teaching and scientific research, working in laboratories run by Nobel prizewinners in Israel and the US. He has written about one hundred papers on Molecular Biology, specializing in subjects ranging from General Toxicology to Mutagenic and Cancerous Chemistry. He held the post of Director of the Ministry of Health Research Centre from 1978 to 1981.

Stefano DE LUCA

Italy

Born in 1942. Member of Parliament elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) list. Undersecretary of state at the Ministry of Finance.

He is a lawyer specializing in civil law, a member of the PLI National Council and Central Committee and a municipal councillor in Palermo. In several governments he has held the position of Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Finance.

Paolo DE PAOLI

Italy

Born in 1935. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI) list.

As a young man he played football for several top Italian teams. He was a founding member of the National Association of Volunteer Firemen and is a member of the international council of the World Fireman's Association, a non-governmental body that is part of the UN. Having joined the PSDI in 1979, he has been a town councillor at Feltre five times. He first entered Parliament in 1992, and is a member of the Constitutional Affairs Committee.

Sergej DEGIJAREV

Russia

Born in 1938. A resident of St. Petersburg and a member of the town Soviet.

He is a journalist for a St. Petersburg television station and directs the programme Alternativa. In 1990, supported by the Popular Front, he was elected to the St. Petersburg Soviet. He is a member of the Mass-Media Committee.

Umberto DEL BASSO DE CARO

Italy

Born in 1953. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list

Mr Del Basso De Caro is a penal lawyer who joined the PSI in 1972. He is a member of the Socialist Party's National Assembly. First elected to Parliament in 1992.

Mauro DEL BUE

Italy

Born in 1951. Member of the Italian Socialist Party's (PSI) Central Committee. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the PSI list.

A freelance journalist, Mr Del Bue was a founder of the P. Marani Institute of History and of the Almanacco revue. He has written many books and essays on Socialist history and has served as Deputy Mayor of Reggio Emilia. A former deputy Secretary of the Federation of Young Socialists, he joined the PSI in 1968. He is a member of the Socialist Party's Central Committee, and is close to positions espoused by Bettino Craxi. First elected to Parliament in 1987, he is currently on the Special Committee examining white papers on reform of Parliamentary immunity.

Antonio DEL PENNINO

Italy

Born in 1939. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Italian Republican Party (PRI).

Mr Del Pennino was formerly PRI National Deputy Secretary, and on several occasions has served as a Milan City councillor. He has written a number of essays on institutional matters and on problems arising from the regulations governing local authorities. First elected to Parliament in 1972, he was named National Deputy Secretary of the PRI in 1983. He is presently Chairman of the Republican Group at the Chamber of Deputies, as well as serving on the Foreign and EC Affairs Committee and on the Special Committee for EC Policies.

Paris DELL'UNTO

Italy

Born in 1936. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

An engineer by training, he was first elected to Parliament in 1979. He is currently serving on the Finance Committee.

Giuseppe DEMITRY

Italy

Born in 1942. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A former Secretary of the Naples provincial Socialist Federation he has served as Undersecretary to the Ministry of Postal and Telecommunication Services, as well as to the Budget Ministry. Currently a member of the Defence Committee.

Maria Teresa DI LASCIA

Italy

Born in 1954. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Radical Party list.

Ms Di Lascia has taken part in many of the Radical Party's struggles and during the campaign against death by starvation she rounded up the support of thousands of Italian Mayors. She was Deputy Secretary of the Radical Party in 1982, when Marco Pannella was Secretary, and she was a member of the Chamber of Deputies during the 9th term of government. A strong believer in homeopathic medicine, she has organized a major conference and put forward a bill on this subject.

Vasile DIACON

Romania

Born in 1951, he lives in Iasi. A member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), he is an ex-leader of the Moldavia (Romania) branch of the FSN. He has served as a member of the Romanian Parliament, having last been elected in 1990 as MP for Iasi, the capital of Moldavia.

Mr Diacon is a philologist and a jurist. In his capacity as MP, he served on the Foreign Committee and on the Parliamentary group for friendship with Italy.

"Why did I decide to join the Radical Party? Because it is a party of tolerance and nonviolence, because it is a Ghandian party, because it is democratic, environmentalist, ecologist, federalist, lay, anti-authoritarian, anti-partitocrazia and non-militarist. The party fights for human and political rights, for a life of rights and for the right to life. As it is a transnational and cross-party organization, it is the best place for we Romanian members of Parliament to raise the awareness of the world's MPs as to the problems Romania is facing."

Salifou DIALLO

Burkina Faso

Born in 1958, he lives in Ouagadougou, where he is a member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Workers' Movement (ODP-MT). He is the Appointed Minister to the Office of the President of Burkina Faso.

Mr Diallo is a professor in law.

Pasquale DIGLIO

Italy

Born in 1941. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

This graduate in business studies has held many political posts at municipal, provincial and regional levels. First elected to Parliament in 1983, he is currently Deputy Chairman of the Agriculture Committee.

Ilcho DIMITROV

Bulgaria

Born in 1931 and a resident of Sofia, this historian is a former Minister of Science and Education.

A historian, columnist and political commentator, as well as being a university lecturer, Mr Dimitrov is a member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party. He joined the Radical Party because he believes it could be the right instrument for protecting the rights of citizens of the former socialist countries with different political ideas.

Fambaye Fall DIOP

Senegal

Born in 1929. Resident in Dakar, a member of the Senegal Socialist Party and a member of the Senegal National Assembly

Milan DJUKIC

Croatia

Born at Donji Lapac on 10 April 1947. He is leader of the Serb Peoples' Party (SNS), the only Serb party in Croatia, and was elected to Parliament on the SNS list. He is deputy speaker of the Republic of Croatia's Parliament.

An economist by training, Mr Djukic entered politics young. As an intransigent anti-Communist he suffered persecution, particularly during the spell when he was director of the Monumental Park at Titova Korenica. In February 1989, still under the communist regime, he was sentenced to twenty-two months' imprisonment, though his name was cleared after he served two months of his sentence. In the first elections, held in 1990, he was elected to the Donji Lapac Municipal Assembly as a member of the Serb Democratic Party (SDS), going on to become Chairman of the Executive Committee. But soon after, he made a stand against the Greater Serbia faction of the SDS and was forcibly expelled from the commune of Donji Lapac. In 1990 he arrived in Zagreb, a dissident of the Greater Serbia policy. In Zagreb he served first as Economics Counsellor at the Chamber of Commons in the Croat Parliament. Subsequently, up to the elections of August 1992, he was government advisor on minorities. In May 1991, in collaboration with an

organizing committee, he founded the Serb Peoples' Party (SNS), of which he was elected Chairman. He was present at the Radical Party Federal Council session held in Zagreb, when he stated that the war in Croatia had nothing to do with Serb rights, but that on the contrary some of them, perhaps all of them, had been used for imperialistic purposes.

Octavian DOGARIU

Romania

Resident in Timisoara, he is a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN) and a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 on the FSN list.

Mr Dogariu is a physicist.

Alojz DUBIEL

Croatia

Born in 1946. A member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ). Formerly a member of the Croat Parliament, elected on the HDZ list.

Mr Dubiel is a farmer.

Cesare DUJANY

Italy

Born in 1920, Mr Dujany was elected to the Italian Senate on the Union Valdotaine list.

First elected as a member of Parliament in 1979, he has served as Chairman of the All-party Group at the Chamber of Deputies and Secretary of the President's Office. He is currently Deputy Chairman of the Budget and Economics Committee, as well as being a member of the Commission for EC Affairs.

Ivan DUJMOVIC

Croatia

Resident in Samobor, he is a member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ) and a former HDZ member of the Croat Parliament .

A history and geography teacher, Mr Dujmovic has been active in politics since 1989. He is one of the founding members of the Samobor branch of the HDZ.

Alexandru DUMITRESCU

Romania

A member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), he is deputy Justice Minister.

Vebi DZEMAILI

Macedonia

Born in 1952. A member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP), the largest Albanian minority party. Elected to the Macedonian Parliament.

He is a bachelor of arts.

Viorica EDELHAUSER

Romania

Born in 1943 and a resident of Petrosani. Viorica is a member of the National Liberal Party, one of Romania's three traditional parties. She is a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990.

A psychologist and scientific researcher at the Petrosani Institute of Mining Health, she specializes in labour psychology applied to the mining industry. As a member of Parliament, she served on the Parliamentary Commission on research and on the Health Committee.

Valerij EGOROV

Moldavia

Born in 1925, Mr Egorov lives in Kishinev. He is a member of the Parliament of Moldavia.

Mr Egorov completed his education at the Odessa Naval Academy in 1965. In 1990 he was elected to the Moldavian Parliament, where he currently serves on the Committee on Human Rights and National Problems. He is a former member of the Communist Party.

Konstantin ELANOV

Russia

Born in 1950, he lives in St. Petersburg. He is a member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Mr Elanov began working at fifteen years of age. He has worked as a labourer, assistant cameraman and taxi-driver, and was elected to the St. Petersburg Soviet as the candidate of the Taxi-drivers' Collective. As an Independent, he is a member of the Transport Committee. He is close to the Democratic Russia movement which backs Yeltsin.

Barna ELEK

Romania

Born in 1947 and resident in Tirgu Mures, he is a member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR) and a member of the Romanian Parliament.

Zudi EMINI

Macedonia

Born in 1958 in the province of Gostivar, Zudi is a member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP), the largest party of the Albanian minority.

He has a degree in political science from Zagreb University.

Elena ENE

Romania

Ms Ene lives in Braila. She is a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN) and a former member of the Parliament of Romania, last elected in 1990 on the FSN list.

She is an economist.

Hans ERASMUS

Netherlands

Born in 1933. EEU (European Esperantist Union) co-ordinator.

Hans worked as a lawyer in Antwerp, then as a civil servant in the law departments of the Ministry for Agriculture and the EC Commission. For fifteen years he worked at the Netherlands' Ministry for Environmental Protection. He is currently a Project Manager at the EC Environmental Commission.

"It is unlikely that traditional political systems are going to deal adequately with the challenges of the future. One of the main aims of this new party is an improvement in international communication, including wide usage of the language of Esperanto. I have joined to show my support for this approach, and at the same time I feel it my duty to call attention to other new developments happening within and as a result of the transnational Radical Party."

Ljerka ERCEGOVIC

Croatia

Born in 1954 and resident in Zagreb, a member of the Party for Democratic Reform and a former member of the Croat Parliament.

Viktor ERMOLAEV

Estonia

Born in 1954, Viktor lives in Tallinn and is a former member of the Estonia Supreme Soviet

Mr Ermolaev is an engineer.

Pavel ERMOSHKIN

Estonia

Born in 1955 and resident in Kohtla Jarve, he is a former member of the Estonian Supreme Soviet.

Mr Ermoshkin is a biologist.

Vladimir EROSHENKOV

Russia

Born in 1945, resident in St. Petersburg. He is a member of the Popular Front faction within the pro-Yeltsin Democratic Russia movement.

This engineer was elected in 1990 as a candidate of the City Bus Collective, which he heads.

Ermuhamet ERTYSBAEV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1956. A member of the Kazakh Parliament.

A historian by training, he is Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Kazakhstan Socialist Party and Deputy Chairman of the Human Rights Committee.

Ferdinando FACCHIANO

Italy

Born in 1927. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI) list. He is Minister for Civil Defence.

This lawyer is a former deputy Secretary of the PSDI. In 1943 he joined the Action Party. He has served as Minister of Cultural Heritage and the Environment, and as Merchant Navy Minister.

Adele FACCIO

Italy

Born in 1920 and a former member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Radical Party.

Ms Faccio was a leading light in the struggles for divorce and abortion, suffering imprisonment during the abortion campaign. President of the Radical Party in 1975/76, she was a Radical Member of Parliament during three terms of government. She is an ardent campaigner for animal rights and the environment and was a promoter of the "Rainbow Greens" list.

Raffaele FARIGU

Italy

Born in 1934, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A law graduate, he is deputy prefect and inspector of the court of Cagliari, as well as being regional president of the Italian Union of the Blind. He is also Secretary of the Justice Committee.

Agim FAZLIU

Macedonia

Born in 1956 in Kindovo in the province of Skopje, he is a member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP), the party of the Albanian minority. He was elected to Parliament on the PDP list.

A graduate in sociology, he is a teacher at the "Zef Ljus Marky" high school. He lives in Skopje.

Maxime FERRARI

Seychelles

Born in 1930 and resident in Mahe, he is a former Minister of Foreign Affairs and of Planning. He is Chairman of the "Seychelles Institute for Democracy".

By profession he is a doctor.

Giulio FERRARINI

Italy

Born in 1942. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

An electronics engineer, he has held many posts at local and national level, and has been a member of the PSI national leadership. He has written a number of books on socialism. First elected to Parliament in 1983, he was Undersecretary of State for Public Works in Giulio Andreotti's 7th government. He currently serves on the Environment Committee.

Romano FERRAUTO

Italy

Born in 1939. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI) list.

A lecturer in political economics and a former Mayor of the town of L'Aquila, Mr Ferrauto was first elected to Parliament in 1992.

Stanislav FILIMONOV

Russia

Born in 1943, he lives in Moscow. A member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement, he is a member of Mossoviet, the Soviet of the Moscow region.

A graduate in technical science, he is the leader of the Mossoviet Democratic Russia group. Mr Filimonov is a member of Committees on Economic and Entrepreneurial Problems, on Soviet Works and on Independent Management.

Ivan FLORESKOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1947, Ivan lives in Berkobitsa. He is a member of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition, elected to the National Assembly on the party list.

Francesco FORLEO

Italy

Born in 1941, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) list.

A graduate in political science, he is a civil servant in the police force and helped promote the Movement for Union Membership, Demilitarization and Police Reform. A former general Secretary of the Joint Police Union, he is currently Deputy Chairman of the Election Committee and a member of the Institutional Affairs Committee.

Rino FORMICA

Italy

Born in 1927. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A freelance accountant by training, Mr Formica was Transport Minister in the Cossiga and Forlani governments, Finance Minister in the first and second Spadolini governments, Minister for Foreign Trade in the second Craxi government and Minister for Labour and Social Security in the Goria government.

Raimondo GALUPPO

Italy

Born in 1946. Elected to the Senate on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

An industrial chemist by training, Mr Galuppo joined the PSI in 1967. First elected to the Senate in 1992, he is a member of Committees on Agriculture and Labour.

Giorgio GANGI

Italy

Born in 1938 in Fiume (former Yugoslavia), he lives in Milan. A Socialist Party (PSI) senator.

This company chairman was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1979. He is at present the Deputy Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee.

Giuseppe GARESIO

Italy

Born in 1954. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A professional journalist who joined the PSI in 1976 and has served as a municipal councillor in Rotino. First elected to Parliament in 1992, he is a member of the Special Committee on EC Policies.

Jas GAWRONSKI

Italy

Born in 1936 in Vienna. Member of the Italian Republican Party (PRI). Mr Gawronski is part of the Liberal Democratic group at the European Parliament.

This journalist chairs the European Parliament delegation for relations with Poland. He is a member of Committees on Foreign Affairs and on Security.

Aljbert GAZARJAN

Nagorno Karabakh

Born in 1947 and resident in Stepanakert. A deputy at the Parliament of Nagorno Karabakh.

Mr Gazarjan obtained a degree in cybernetics at Yerevan University. He has managed several industrial concerns, becoming an MP of the Autonomous Republic of Nagorno Karabakh after being proposed by the Karabakh "Intelligenzia" Association. He sits on the Foreign Relations Committee.

Artur GEDIKE

Croatia

Born in 1965. Artur is a member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ) and a former member of the Croat Parliament, elected on the HDZ list.

Still an economics student in Osijek, Mr Gedike was one of the youngest members of the Croat Parliament. For many months he fought on the Slavonia military front.

Gheorghe GHETAU

Romania

Resident in Radanti. A former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected on the National Salvation Front (FSN) list in 1990.

Ondrej GINA

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1951. A member of ROI (Romska Obcanska Iniciativa), the Rom Civic Initiative, and a former member of the Czech National Assembly.

Mr Gina is one of ROI's founding members. A self-educated man, he has worked in a foundry and as a composer. In 1986 he went on hunger strike for fifteen days in support of the human and civil rights of Rom people. Under the Communist regime he was regularly in trouble with the authorities. During his period in Parliament, he sat on the Regions and Nationality Committee.

Gino GIUGNI

Italy

Born in 1927. Elected to the Italian Senate on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A professor in labour law at Rome University, Mr Giugni has also taught at the universities of Paris and Los Angeles. He is managing editor of two journals, Giornale di diritto el lavoro e delle Relazioni industriali and Lavoro e informazione. He is also a regular contributor to many newspapers, magazines and periodicals. In 1969 he chaired the Commission which drew up the Workers' Statute. In 1983 he was injured during a Red Brigades' terrorist attack. He is currently Chairman of the Labour Committee.

Tigran GJUREGJAN

Armenia

Born in 1967, resident in Yerevan and a member of the Parliament of Armenia.

Sabri GODO

Albania

President of the Albanian Republican Party

Writer

Jurij GOLIK

Russia

Born in Kemerovo, Siberia, in 1952. A former member of the USSR Supreme Soviet.

After graduating in jurisprudence, he became a jurist and lectured at Kemerovo University. In 1989 he became a Deputy of the people. In April 1991 he left the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Between 1989 and the collapse of the former USSR Mr Golik was a member of the Supreme Soviet Presidium. On several occasions he has expressed his reasons for joining the Radical Party in one, short sentence: "For a right to life and a life of rights."

Georgij GOMZIKOV

Russia

Born in 1948 and resident in St. Petersburg, he is a member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Pina Grassi

Italy

Born in 1928. Elected to the Senate on the "Greens" list.

A shopkeeper, for many years an active radical campaigner and organizer of the Greens in Palermo, in August 1991 Ms Grassi's husband was gunned down by two hit men. Libero Grassi, head of a Palermo textile company, was well-known for his brave stand against extortion and threats by the Mafia; his example was beginning to be imitated by other businessmen, who gradually found the strength to stand up to racketeering and paying protection money. Nonetheless, Mr Grassi remained a lone figure, abandoned most significantly by the State, which only managed to express its support in the form of hollow words. Mr Grassi was a member of both the Republican and the Radical parties.

Viktor GREBENSCIKOV

Moldavia

Resident in Kishinev, he is State advisor to the President of the Republic of Moldavia.

A Spanish teacher, Mr Grebenscikov declares himself a social democrat. He began his political career in 1987, as one of the organizers of the Moldavia Popular Front in the Orkhej region. He was given an award by the Union of Journalists for a series of articles on the renaissance of the Moldavian people. From 1990 to 1991 he was an advisor to Prime Minister Mirki Druk. Subsequently he was appointed Director General of the Department of State for National Matters.

Francesco GRECO

Italy

Born in 1942. Elected to the Italian Senate on the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) list.

A lawyer, Mr Greco was first elected to the Senate on the Socialist Party slate of 1983. In 1985 he resigned his post to join the Italian Communist Party (PCI), now the PDS. At present he is a member of the Committee on Justice.

Franjo GREGURIC

Croatia

Born in 1939, in Lobor. A member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ) and a former Prime Minister of the Croat government. He is currently a member of the Croat Parliament, elected on the HDZ list.

Mr Greguric obtained an engineering degree at Zagreb University. He was technical manager of Cromos of Zagreb (a chemicals firm) and spent four years in Moscow working for the Astra company. In November 1990, in the wake of the first democratic elections he became deputy president of the Croat government with responsibility for the economy. In July 1991 he was named Prime Minister. At the recent elections, held in August 1992, he was returned to Parliament on the HDZ list. Mr Greguric joined the Radical Party in 1991 during the Federal Council held in Zagreb, while he was Prime Minister, right in the middle of the war. During the Federal Council, in a unanimously approved resolution, he invited members to take part in nonviolent activities and to organize a number of initiatives: a demonstration to be held on 12 December 1991 during the EC summit at Maastricht; demonstrations outside embassies of what was Yugoslavia and of EC countries. He also appealed to Serb democratic forces to show their disagreement wi

th the violence and to sign a petition recognizing Croatia, Slovenia and Kosovo. In his speech to the council, Mr Greuric asserted that rather than civil war, the Republic of Serbia had launched an attack on the Republic of Croatia, with the aim of annexing Croat territory and building a Greater Serbia. He also announced that he was joining the Radical Party.

"I highly appreciate the decision to hold the second session of the Radical Party Federal Council in Zagreb. This is proof, despite the dangers of war, of your determination to let the world know about the seriousness of the current situation. This is your contribution to Croatia, a hand held out towards the Croat people."

Tatiana GRIGORESCU

Romania

Tatiana lives in Ploiesti, and is a member of the Ecologist Party, one of the first parties to form in Romania. She is a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990

Ms Grigorescu is a professional musician.

Sejran GRIGORJAN

Armenia

Born in 1951, resident in Yerevan. He is a independent member of the Armenian Parliament.

Mr Grigorjan obtained a degree in jurisprudence at Yerevan University in 1973. A jurist, he works for the Public Prosecutor's office. In 1990 he was elected to the Parliament of Armenia as an independent candidate, not on any party list.

Stepan GRIGORJAN

Armenia

Born in 1953, he lives in Yerevan. He is a member of the "Dashnak Zutjun" (Social Democrats of Armenia) party, and is a member of the Armenian Parliament.

Stepan finished his university studies in Tblisi. A physicist, he is in line for the Sciences chair at university. In 1990 he became a member of Parliament, where he serves on the Disasters and Refugees Committee.

Gamlet GRIGORJAN

Nagorno Karabakh

Born in 1941, resident in Stepanakert. A member of the Parliament of Nagorno Karabakh.

By profession, a university lecturer.

Renato GRILLI

Italy

Born in 1945. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) list.

Mr Grilli joined the PCI in 1965, and was deeply involved in the student movement in Parma during 1967/68. He has served as a municipal councillor in his home town several times, and is a former provincial Secretary of the PCI. Currently, he is Secretary of the Transport Committee.

Salvatore GRILLI

Italy

Born in 1945. Elected to Parliament on the Italian Republican Party (PRI) list.

A qualified accountant, Mr Grilli is a member of the National council of the PRI and of the Sicilian party leadership. He was first elected to Parliament in 1987, and currently sits on the Finance Committee.

Vladimir GRISHKIN

Russia

Born in 1948 and resident in Moscow. He is a member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement and serves on Mossoviet, the Soviet of the Moscow region.

Trained as a jurist, he is chief examining magistrate of the Moscow Public Prosecutor's Office. He is also juridical advisor to the Federal Committee of Russia. In his role as a member of Mossoviet, he is active on the Committee of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic for the drawing up of a new constitution. In addition, he is a member of the Mossoviet Committee for Justice and Citizens' Rights.

Basile GUISSOU

Burkina Faso

Born in 1949. A former Foreign Minister of Burkina Faso.

A sociologist and expert in problems related to development in African countries, he was elected Deputy Secretary of the Radical Party during the Federal Council session held in Jerusalem in October 1988. Active in the struggle for a right to life and a life of rights on the African continent, Mr Guissou was Foreign Minister under the Sankara government. In the wake of the 1987 coup d'état which swept Blaise Compaorè to power, he was thrown in jail and tortured. Thanks to the efforts of the Radical Party, and Marco Pannella in particular, his release was obtained. A member of the Radical Party since his days as Foreign Minister, Mr Guissou has directly taken part in initiatives against death from starvation, joining the Radical Party's Easter marches.

"The echo of the Radical message is spreading further and further in Africa. The New Party transnational project is winning new friends: in a single year as a legal organization in Burkina, the Radical Association for Constitutional Rights in Africa has signed up over two hundred people."

Paul GUNTHER

Switzerland

Born in 1943, he is a member of the Independent Protestant Alliance (LDU-EVP) and a former member of the National Council of Switzerland.

He is chief physician at the anaesthesiology department of Interlaken hospital.

Velislava GUROVA

Bulgaria

Born in 1959 and resident in Sofia. A member of the Union of Democratic Forces coalition (SDS), she was elected to the National Assembly on the SDS list

Ms Gurova is a lawyer.

Zdenek GUZI

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1949, he is a member of ROI (Romska Obcanska Iniciativa), the Rom Civic Initiative, and a former member of the Czech National Assembly.

During his spell as an MP, he served on the Health and Social Welfare Committee.

Eljgudzha GVAZAVA

Georgia

Born in 1952. A member of the Parliament of Georgia. Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on Ecology and Medicine.

After obtaining a degree in biology at the Sukhumi Pedagogical Institute, Mr Gvazava became a teacher. He was Secretary of KOMSOMOL (Young Communists' Union) at the faculty of medicine. In 1982 he was appointed to the biology chair at the University of Abkhazia. Since 1989 he has been teaching at Tblisi's Sukhumi University. He is a member of the presidium of the Abkhazia Supreme Soviet and Chairman of the Abkhazia Green movement. He was elected to Parliament in 1992.

Grant HACHATRJAN

Nagorno Karabakh

Born in 1948 and resident in Stepankert. A member of the Nagorno Karabakh Parliament

University lecturer.

Muhamad HALILI

Macedonia

Born in 1951, resident in Tetovo. Member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP) and a member of the Parliament of Macedonia.

Mr Halili is Chairman of the PDP Parliamentary group, Chairman of the PDP Information Committee and member of the Parliamentary Education Commission. He is a bachelor of arts and works as a French teacher at the "Kiril Pejcinovic" high school in Tetovo. He was one of the founding members of the PDP.

Vasile HOBJILA

Romania

Resident in Iasi. Mr Hobjila is a member of the Romanian Social Democratic Party and a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990.

He is a university lecturer.

Amet HOGEA

Romania

Born in 1948, resident in Valul Lui Traiani. A former member of Parliament in Romania, last elected in 1990 as a representative of the Turkic minority.

During his stint in Parliament he belonged to the Minority Parliamentary Group, allotted one MP for each of the dozens of recognized ethnic minorities.

Zoltan HOSSZU

Romania

Born in 1944. Mr Hosszu lives in Arad, where he is a member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR). He is a senator in the Romanian Parliament.

Maksut HOXHA

Kosovo

Born in 1950. An MP in the Kosovo Parliament

Engineer.

Nikolai Ivan HRISTOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1958. A member of the Ecoglasnost National Council and of the Democratic Radical Party, one of the fifteen parties making up the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) Parliamentary Group. Elected to the National Assembly as part of the SDS list.

After obtaining a degree in philosophy at Sofia's "Kliment Ocridski" university in 1983, Mr Hirstov followed a masters course on "economics external to production" at the University of National and International Economics in 1987. He works in the field of culture and lectures on Philosophy and Economics at the Teaching Institute in Plovdiv.

Fadil HYSAJ

Kosovo

Born in 1953. Resident in Prishtine. Elected to Parliament in the Kosovo Democratic League list.

Mr Hysaj is a film director.

Franco IACONO

Italy

Born in 1942. A member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and a Euro-MP.

Mr Iacono is in banking. He serves on the Transport and Tourism Committee, and is a temporary member of the Environment Committee.

Abdou IBO

Niger

Born in 1954, he lives in Niamey, where he is a member of the Secretariat of the Party for Democracy and Socialism (PN-DS).

Mr Ibo is a university lecturer.

Ioan IETCU

Romania

Resident in Bucharest. Member of the Romanian Ecologist Movement (MER), and a former member of the Romanian Parliament, elected as an MER candidate.

Doctor.

Ernest ILBOUDO

Burkina Faso

Born in 1959, a resident of Ouagadougou. He is a member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Workers' Movement (ODP-MT), and a member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Engineer.

Corina ION-IOSIF

Romania

Resident in Sibiu. She is a member of the Ecologist Party, one of first parties to form in Romania. A former member of Parliament, last elected in 1990.

Felice IOSSA

Italy

Born in 1949. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list. He is Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Industry.

A former deputy regional Secretary of the PSI and a former Naples city councillor.

Safet ISOVIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Resident in Sarajevo. Elected to the Parliament of Bosnia and Hercegovina on the Democratic Action Party (SDA) list.

For months and months Sarajevo has been under siege. The town is without electricity, food, running water, fuel, and almost all means of communication are impossible. Safet Isovic joined the Radical Party when he sent the coupon in our newspaper in November 1992. For the time being, that is all the information we have about him.

Genek ISRAELIAN

Estonia

Born in 1938. A former member of the Supreme Soviet of Estonia.

Journalist, political commentator and author of scientific treatises on the history of journalism, Mr Israelian began his political career in 1960 as part of the KOMSOMOL organization. In 1980 and 1990 he was elected to the Tallinn Soviet, in 1990 joining the Supreme Soviet of Estonia, where he served on the Press Committee. He was part of the socialist-leaning "Collaboration and Equality" faction.

Carol Matei IVANCIOV

Romania

Resident in Timisoara. A member of the Din Banat Bulgarian Union and a former Romanian MP, last elected in 1990 as representative of the Bulgarian minority.

During his time in Parliament, this university lecturer was part of the Minorities Parliamentary group, made up of one MP for each of the dozens of recognized minorities.

Lev IVANOV

Russia

Born in 1941, living in Moscow. He is a member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement, and an independent member of Mossoviet, the Moscow region soviet.

Stoain IVANOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1948. He lives in Burgas, where he is a member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). Elected to the National Assembly on the BSP list.

Constantin IVANOVICI

Romania

Resident in Bucharest, Mr Ivanovici is Deputy Chairman of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN) and a member of the Romanian Parliament.

Galina JAKUBOVICH

Moldavia

Born in 1948, resident in Kishinev. Deputy Home Affairs Minister for the Republic of Moldavia.

Teacher.

Ivo JELIC

Croatia

Born in 1942. A member of the National Croat Party (HNS), for which he was a former member of the Croat Parliament. A former Mayor of Dubrovnik.

A mechanical engineer, Mr Jelic has been involved in politics since 1989, supporting democratic freedom and collaboration between different ethnic groups. For many months he was engaged on the front at Dubrovnik.

"I joined the Radical Party above all for the principles that figure in its statute: nonviolence and respect of human life. I was struck by the concrete way in which the party made its presence felt in Croatia, committing itself to improving the tough conditions we have to deal with. The rest of the world turned its back on this catastrophe and has been waiting for things to clear up before offering us aid."

Jurgis JURGELIS

Lithuania

Born in 1942. A former member of the Lithuanian Parliament.

Mr Jurgelis used to serve on the Parliamentary Commission on Human Rights. He has a degree in mathematics from the Teaching Institute and a degree in law from Vilnius University. He has worked with the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law at the Lithuanian Academy of Science. Elected to the Parliament of Lithuania in 1990, he was Chairman of the Human Rights Commission and a member of the Inquiry Committee into the crimes of Stalinism.

Kadir KADIR

Bulgaria

Born in 1940. A member of the Movement for Rights and Freedom (DPS), the party which in a de facto manner represents the Turkic minority and is at present supporting the government. He is deputy speaker of the Bulgarian Parliament.

Mr Kadir is a lawyer.

Shevket KAJBULLAEV

Ukraine

Born in 1954, resident in S. Radnikovoe. A member of "Medzhlis", the Parliament of the Crimea Tartars.

Alexander KALININ

Russia

Born in 1948, living in Moscow. Mr Kalinin is a member of the Liberal Faction and an elected member of Mossoviet, the Soviet of the Moscow region.

A historian, he graduated from Moscow University, and is one of the founding fathers of the bill on Alternative Civilian Service, an extension of a white paper on civilian service and on conscientious objection promoted by the Radical Party. He was one of the most prominent figures during the democratic and nonviolent uprising against the coup d'état of 19/22 August 1991 in Moscow. Since 1990 he has been a member of Mossoviet, where he presides the Committee on Military Problems.

"I became a member of this party because it is a party that fights for personal rights and for the humanization of the state and society, but I was a little perplexed by its transnational dimension. To understand this better, I had to come and watch you at work, see how you operate. Now I am certain that the transnational option, despite all the difficulties it entails, is the right way forward. It is full of promise and is a unique political choice. I am convinced that by working well much can be achieved in the organization of this political force."

Kamoldin KAMBAROV

Uzbekistan

Born in 1960, living in Tashkent. He is a member of the Uzbek Parliament

An engineer, he is Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on Military Affairs.

Emil KAPUDALIEV

Bulgaria

Born in 1941. Mr Kapudaliev is a member of the Radical Democratic Party, one of the fifteen formations that make up the SDS Parliamentary group. He was elected to the National Assembly on the list of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition.

Having obtained degrees in film directing and philosophy, Mr Kapudaliev became a television director. He joined the Radical Democratic Party in 1989 and was elected to Parliament in 1991. He is married and has one child. As a freelance journalist, he specializes in writing articles on television aesthetics. He is a member of the government Committee on Television and Radio.

Valentin KARABASHEV

Bulgaria

Born in 1960, resident in Sofia. Mr Karabashev is a member of the Alternative Social-Liberal Party, one of the fifteen formations that make up the SDS Parliamentary group. He was elected to the National Assembly on an SDS slate.

Mr Karabashev left the Sofia German-language high school in 1979, going on to study economics in Budapest from 1981 to 1987. Since March 1990 he has been a member of the Alternative Social-Liberal Party, in 1991 being elected to the National Assembly. He serves on the Economics Commission.

Rossen KARADIMOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1963. Member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), formerly the Communist Party. Elected to the National Assembly as an independent candidate.

After completing high school, Mr Karadimov obtained a law degree at the "Saint Clement of Ocrida" University, where since 1990 he has worked as an assistant lecturer. He became Chairman of the Bulgarian Democratic Youth movement on November 10, 1989, and is a staunch proponent of European unity.

Kostia KARAIVANOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1962 at Gratikovo, this member of the Social Democratic Alliance (OSD) faction was elected to the National Assembly on the Bulgarian Socialist Party list.

Stefan KARASTOYANOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1944, Stefan lives in Sofia, where he is a university lecturer in international relations. He is Deputy Chairman of the Liberal Democrat Party.

Dean of foreign students at the University of Sofia.

Abdullah KARJAGDIU

Kosovo

Born in 1936, resident in Prishtine. He is Deputy Chairman of the Albanian Christian Democratic Party.

Mr Karjagdiu works as a university lecturer in English studies.

Jozsef KASZA

Serbia

Born in 1945 at Subotica. A member of the coalition between the Magyar Democratic Union of Vojvodina and the Democratic Reform Party, he is a member of the Serb Parliament.

An economist by trade, Mr Kasza has been Mayor of Subotica since 1989. He was a member of the Communist Party, but never held a political position under the old regime.

Zdravko KATSAROV

Bulgaria

Born in 1949. Elected to the National Assembly on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) list.

In 1975 Mr Katsarov finished a degree in literature and history at Beliko Tarnovo University. In 1989 he took part in the foundation of "Ecoglasnost" in the town of Plovdiv, in 1990 being elected Chairman of the organization. The same year, he was elected Deputy Chairman of the SDS in Plovdiv, where he has run in two elections to the National Assembly and one for the presidency (the SDS won 65% of votes in Plovdiv). Mr Katsarov is a member of Committees on Culture and Ecology.

Karoly KEREKES

Romania

Born in 1947, Mr Kerekes lives in Tirgu Mures. He is a member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR) and a member of the Romanian Parliament.

Chavdar KIURANOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1921 in Sofia. Elected to the National Assembly on the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) slate.

Mr Kiuranov is founder and leader of the Social Democratic Alliance faction. He was the first person to sign the political document known as the Alternative presented to the 40th congress of the Bulgarian Socialist Party.

Nenad KLAPCIC

Croatia

Born in 1967. Secretary of the Istrian Democratic Diet (IDS), a majority, regionalist and anti-militarist party. He is a temporary member of the Croat Parliament.

Nenad has been active in politics for two years, and is one of the founder members of the Istrian Democratic Diet. He is a strong believer in the principles of the protection of minorities, regional autonomy, demilitarization and ecology.

"I joined the transnational Radical Party because I believe it is the only party that can defend my right to be what I am: a citizen of Europe. The goal of building a Europe with open national borders is paramount. Another reason for joining was anti-militarism. In Europe today, in the countries that have just been liberated from Communist totalitarianism, pacifist political forces are too weak, at a national level, to achieve demilitarization of limited areas or even whole states. In order to achieve this, we need the transnational party. Sufficient reason to join the Radicals for any democrat is its commitment to defending all minorities: the standards of protection minorities enjoy is one of the benchmarks of democracy."

Aitbaj KONYSBAEV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1947. A member of the Kazakhstan Parliament.

Mr Konysbaev is a magistrate and Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee for Economic Reform. He is also running for the post of head of the Criminal Investigation Department in Semipalatinsk. Mr Konysbaev is one of the founder members of "Nevada-Semipalatinsk", a movement whose aim is to abolish nuclear tests, founded in 1987 by the well-known Kazakh poet Olzhas Sulejmenov. For a long time, this was the country's sole opposition group. Mr Konysbaev's was the first of twenty-three names on a petition against the death penalty sponsored by the Radical Party and handed to the Supreme Soviet in June 1992.

Tatjana KORIJAGINA

Russia

Elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic as an independent candidate.

A doctor of economics and a member of the Academy of Sciences and of the council of Directors of the UN Social Development Institute, Ms Korijagina is also head of the Department for Scientific Research on the Economy based at the Russian Ministry of Economics and Finance. She has been a member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement since March 1990, and is currently an independent member of the Supreme Soviet. An expert in economic reform theory specializing in the black market economy, she helped draw up laws on individual and collective labour in the former USSR. She is one of the leaders of the democratic movement in the former Soviet Union.

Alexej KOROTAEV

Russia

Born in 1946. Chairman of the Committee for the revision of MEMORIAL, a progressive liberal-inspired political movement.

A historian by training, between 1976 and 1984, together with Larissa Bogoraz, Arsenij Roginsky and Alexander Daniel, he published the clandestine history series PAMIAT printed in Paris and then smuggled back into the USSR. Mr Korotaev currently works at the Centre for Historical Research, and he has written articles for a number of newspapers, including "Zvenia". During the 1970s and 1980s he suffered harsh political persecution and was prevented from working.

"I am joining the Radical Party because it is the only party here in Russia that is dealing with civil rights, the abolition of the death penalty and the creation of civilian service for conscientious objectors, thus contributing to the civilizing of our society. I believe that these are highly topical matters for our country, now taking its first steps along the road to democracy."

Alexander KOSHEVAROV

Russia

Born in 1958, resident in Moscow, he is a member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement who was elected to Mossoviet, the Soviet of the Moscow region, as an independent candidate.

An engineer, he explains "I am joining the Radical Party because I hope to be politically active with others in favour of conscientious objection and against the death penalty."

Andrej KOVALJ

the Ukraine

Born in 1956, resident in Kiev. Secretary of the Ukraine Social Democrat Party.

Mr Kovalj, who works as a clerk, was in March 1992 elected assistant Chairman of the "Nova Ukrajina" organization, a movement composed of six separate political parties (Social Democrat Party, United Social Democrat Party, Green Party, Ukrainian Party for Democratic Recovery, Constitutional Democratic Party and the Liberal Democrat Party) and other non-governmental groups. This movement was created to fight for a radical and liberal economic reform programme, and it numbers sixty members of the Ukraine Parliament and five Ministers.

Nikolaj KOZAKIEWICZ

Poland

Born in 1923. Member of the Farmers' Party (PSL). A member of the national Parliament.

Muhamed KRESELJAKOVIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Born in 1939, resident in Sarajevo. He is Mayor of Sarajevo and a member of the Democratic Action Party (SDA).

This university lecturer joined the Radical Party in November 1992, at the height of the war in Bosnia, during a meeting with a Radical Party delegation visiting Sarajevo.

"To be quite honest, as soon as I heard you had arrived I wondered how best I could exploit the visit. During my two years as Mayor I have met a number of Ministers and several European Heads of State. Every time I meet these people I have to resign myself to the fact that I am not a "diplomat": I might not even be a good Mayor. Everything I do is aimed at bringing help to the people of this town. My journeys are to let people know what is going on here. I'll tell you how you can help us: anything you can do will be good for us, because we have nothing. The only thing we have is hope. I beg you, within the limits of what your party can do, to tell the world what you have seen in Sarajevo. Europe must become aware. The people of this town need Europe's help. I beg you to make an impact on Italian public opinion. I know Italy and I am certain that if the Italians were better informed about what is happening in Sarajevo, they would put much more pressure on the government to do something."

Kadri KRIEZIU

Kosovo

Born in 1958, resident in Prizren and a member of the Kosovo Parliament.

Lawyer.

Milivoj KUJUNDZIC

Croatia

Born in 1928, resident in Zagreb. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), the national/conservative oriented majority party. Elected to the Croat Parliament on the HDZ slate.

An economist.

Adil KULENOVIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Born in 1949, resident in Sarajevo. Head of "Radio 99", Sarajevo's only private-owned, independent radio station.

Adil is a supporter of the Republican Democratic Party, whose aim it is to provide a forum for the lay and liberal democrat intellectuals of Sarajevo.

Algirdas KUMZA

Lithuania

Born in 1956, resident in Vilnius. He is a member of the Lithuanian Liberal Party, part of the governing coalition. Mr Kumza is a former member of the Parliament of Lithuania, last elected in 1990.

Mr Kumza obtained a law degree at the university of Vilnius, where he has lectured. He was elected to Parliament in February 1990. He is a Union General Secretary and Chairman of the University Commission of KOMSOMOL. In 1988 he joined the "SAJUDIS" movement, in 1989 joining the Independent Communist Party of Lithuania after it split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was elected to the Parliament of Lithuania in 1990, where he sat on the Juridical Committee. He is a member of the Parliamentary liberal group and of the Union of Lithuanian Liberals.

Yordan KUTZAROV

Bulgaria

Born in 1954. Yordan is a member of the "Federation Club for Democracy" and was elected to the National Assembly on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) list.

Engineer.

Antonio LA GLORIA

Italy

Born in 1944.

A graduate in classical literature, Mr La Gloria is a teacher. He is a former Mayor of Vallo della Lucania. First elected to Parliament in 1992, he is currently serving on committees for culture and farming.

Bruno LANDI

Italy

Born in 1939. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A graduate in jurisprudence, Mr Landi is a lecturer in history and philosophy and a solicitor. He is a former regional Secretary of the Latium branch of the PSI. First elected to Parliament in 1992, Mr Landi sits on the Constitutional Affairs Committee and on the Justice Committee.

Gregorio LANZA

Bolivia

Born in 1954. A member of the Bolivian National Congress

Sociologist

Gianni LANZINGER

Italy

Born in 1942, resident in Bolzano. A former member of the Chamber of Deputies on the Greens list.

Mr Lanzinger first joined the Radical Party during the 1988 Radical congress held in Budapest.

Emiljia LAPENNA

Croatia

Born in 1910. Founder member of the KEL (Croat Esperantist League).

Writer.

"As I have been an Esperantist for fifty years, I had to join the sole party that devotes sufficient attention to Esperanto, that is to say to the linguistic discrimination that everywhere, thought often unnoticed, is rampant."

Nereo LARONI

Italy

Born in 1942 in Venice. A member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and a Euro-MP.

A member of the Development and Co-operation Committee

Vasile LASCU

Romania

Resident in Fagaras. A member of the Traditional Social Democratic Party, a historical party that has split many times. A former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990.

Economist

Nicolae LAZAR

Romania

Resident in Bucharest, Mr Lazar is a member of the Democratic Front of National Salvation (FDSN) and is a former member of the Parliament of Romania, last elected in 1990 on the FDSN list.

Engineer.

Gleb LEBEDEV

Russia

Born in 1943. A member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement. Member and Chairman of the Cultural Committee of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

After graduating in historical sciences, Mr Lebedev became a professor at St. Petersburg university. Between 1975 and 1991 he was a member of the Communist Party, before being expelled after publishing a proposal for a trial of the party. He is a member of the "Memorial" group.

Vladimir LEBEDEV

Estonia

Born in 1952, resident in Tallinn. A former member of the Supreme Soviet of Estonia.

Vito LECCESE

Italy

Born in 1962. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Greens list.

A former municipal councillor for health and hygiene in the southern town of Bari, Mr Leccese was one of the founders of the National Federation of Green lists, as well as sitting on the Greens National Committee between 1988 and 1989. First elected to Parliament in 1992, he serves on the Cultural Committee.

Claudio LENOCI

Italy

Born in 1942. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list. Undersecretary at the Ministry of Home Affairs.

By profession a certified accountant, Mr Lenoci has a degree in business studies. He has served as Undersecretary at the Ministries of Education, Foreign Trade and Foreign Affairs.

Zygmunt LENYK

Poland

Born in 1950. A member of Parliament elected in Cracow on the slate of the Confederation for an Independent Poland (a conservative party that won 51 seats in the September 1991 elections).

A psychologist.

Arben LIKA

Albania

Born in 1967. Chairman of the Youth Assembly of the Albanian Democratic Party. A member of the Albanian Parliament.

University researcher.

Anton LINTMAIER

Romania

Anton lives in Bucharest. He is a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 as a representative of the Polish minority.

During his spell in Parliament he belonged to the Minorities Parliamentary Group, which has one MP for each of the dozens of recognized minorities.

Anatolij LISECKIJ

Moldavia

Resident in Kishinev. A member of Parliament in the Moldavian Republic.

Vladimir LOBACH

Russia

Born in 1948, resident in St. Petersburg, where he is a member of the "Popular Front" faction in the "Democratic Russia" movement, in support of Yeltsin's policies. Mr Lobach is a member of the St. Petersburg Soviet, and he sits on the Transport Committee there.

A driver by trade, he is regional leader of the Popular Front.

Robert LOPAREV

Russia

Born in 1934, resident in St. Petersburg. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Gheorghita LUPAU

Romania

Resident in Marghita. A member of the "Greater Romania" nationalist movement. A former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 on the list of the Romanian National Union Party.

University lecturer.

Giacomo MACCHERONI

Italy

Born in 1936. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A member of the PSI since 1950, Mr Maccheroni has held a number of important posts in his party. A former Mayor of Pontedera, he served as Chairman of the regional council of Tuscany. He was first elected to Parliament in 1987. A member of the leadership of the PSI Parliamentary group, he sponsored the bill for a "European driving licence" including safety belts and checks on the use of alcohol and drugs. He is currently a member of the Transport Committee and is Secretary of the Election Committee.

Richard MACEIKIANEC

Lithuania

Born in 1947, resident in Vilnius. A member of the Parliament of Lithuania.

This magistrate studied at Buividish and in the technical teaching institute of Vilnius. He became a teacher after obtaining a degree at the Faculty of Law at the University of Vilnius. Between 1969 and 1973 Mr Maceikianec was leader of the municipal government. Between 1973 and 1982 he was Secretary of the Shalcininkai region branch of the Communist Party. In 1982 he became instructor at the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Vilnius. Since 1990 he has been a member of the Supreme Soviet as part of the Polish faction.

Tiberiu MACOVEI

Romania

Resident in Birlad. Member of the National Salvation Front (FSN). A former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 on the FSN list.

Engineer.

Lazar MADARAS

Romania

Born in 1941, resident in Brasov. A member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR). Elected to the Romanian Parliament on the UDMR list.

Economist.

Mairead MAGUIRE CORRIGAN

Ireland

Born in 1944, resident in Strangford. Nobel Peace Prizewinner in 1976.

Catholic, Mairead won the Nobel prize together with Betty Williams after launching the "Peace Movement" (later to become "Community of the Peace People") in Northern Ireland. She is still involved with the movement, and was recently awarded the Karl Von Ossietzkj medal for bravery at the Berlin branch of the International Human Rights League. A signatory of the Nobel prize winners appeal against hunger in the world (1979), a member of the Federal Council of Food and Disarmament International, Mairead has participated in a number of initiatives organized by the Radical Party against death from starvation.

"Nonviolence is a new approach, one we must begin to teach in society, to spread throughout public opinion, politics and everyday life. I wish to offer my support and I would like to join the Radical Party, whose belief in nonviolence and in social and political justice provides hope in us all."

Vladimir MAHANOV

Russia

Born in 1960. A member of the liberal-oriented "Smena" (Change) group, Mr Mahanov is in the opposition to the government and to Yeltsin himself. He is a member of the Committee for Social Protection, and a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Russia.

A miner, between 1989 and 1990 he was Chairman of the strike committee of Prokopjevsk miners.

Hamadou Amadou MAIGA

Burkina Faso

Born in 1966, living in Ouagadougou. A member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Workers' Movement (ODP/MT). He is a member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Teacher.

Boris MAKSIMOV

Russia

Born in 1934, resident in St. Petersburg. Member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement. A member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

This sociologist obtained a degree in philosophy at the University of St. Petersburg. Mr Maksimov has taught and worked at the "Kirovski Zavod" factory, and then at the Research Institute of the Faculty of Sociology. He has been a member of Parliament since 1990, where he serves on the Committee for Industry and Self-Management.

Semen MALENKOV

Russia

Born in 1951, resident in Moscow. A member of Mossoviet, the Moscow region soviet.

Engineer.

Dusko MALESEVIC

Croatia

Born in 1938, he lives in Zagreb. Dusko is a member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), and a temporary member of the Croat Parliament.

Municipal councillor in Zagreb.

Shkelzen MALIQI

Kosovo

Born in 1947, resident in Prishtine. Elected to Parliament on the slate of the Kosovo Social Democratic Party.

A sociologist, Shkelzen is Deputy Chairman of the Kosovo Social Democratic Party.

Orudzhali MAMEDOV

Azerbaijan

Born in 1939, resident in Nahichevanj. Member of the Azerbaijan Parliament.

Economist. In 1990 he was elected to Parliament as a candidate nominated and supported by the Industrial Concerns and military troops. He is a member of the Committee on the Mandates of the Azerbaijan Parliament.

Enrico MANCA

Italy

Born in 1931. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the lists of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

Mr Manca has a degree in law, and since 1961 has worked as a professional journalist. A former director of the special cultural services section at the central cultural programming office of RAI-Radiotelevisione Italiana, he was Chairman of the state television company between 1980 and 1992. A PSI member since 1949, Mr Manca sits on the Central Committee and is a member of the party's national leadership committee. He has been one of the major players in the political and Parliamentary battle waged for reforming the state television service. He is currently a member of the Culture, Science and Education Committee.

Vasile MANDROVICEANU

Romania

Born in 1931, resident in Suceava. Member of the Civic Alliance Party, one of the parties under the Convenzione Democratica umbrella group. A member of the Romanian Parliament.

Engineer.

Andrej MANOJLOV

Moldavia

Born in 1945, resident in Tiraspoly. A member of the Parliament of Moldavia.

Andrej worked as a driver for thirty years. Since 1989 he has been active in the Unified Organization of the Workers of Dniestr. He was elected to the Parliament of Moldavia in 1990, where he serves on the Science, Education and Religion Committee.

Gheorghe MARCU

Romania

Resident in Botosani. A member of the National Salvation Front (FSN). A former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 on the FSN lists.

Economist.

Andrea MARCUCCI

Italy

Born in 1965. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) list.

This entrepreneur has worked in the fields of pharmaceuticals, television and tourism. He is a former provincial deputy Secretary of the Lucca branch of the PLI, and Deputy Chairman of the Liberal Parliamentary group.

Elena MARINUCCI

Italy

Born in 1928. Elected to the Senate on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A graduate in law. A former Undersecretary of State for Health. Active in the Italian League for Divorce and in the Women's Liberation Movement. She founded the Women's League for Socialism in 1977. She is a member of the PSI Central Committee and National Assembly, and is party representative at the Women's Socialist International. She works as a freelance journalist, writing for a number of publications, and she is managing editor of the review Quaderni delle donne Socialiste.

Georgi MARJANOVIC

Macedonia

Born in 1939 at Stara Moravica, in the province of Backa Topola. Chairman of the "League for Democracy", a political group that has not yet entered Parliament.

A professor at the University of Skopje, where he teaches Penal Law. He was a member of the Communist Party, but was never part of the nomenclature. Georgi has signed up for Radical Party campaigns against the death penalty and in favour of the legalization of drugs.

Claudio MARTELLI

Italy

Born in 1943. Member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) National leadership and Executive. Elected to Parliament on the PSI list. Minister of Justice.

Mr Martelli served as deputy prime Minister in the 6th Andreotti government. While still very young, he joined the Mazzinian Association, and then the Young Republicans' Federation. In 1966 he joined the Socialist unification movement, where he met Bettino Craxi and fell in with the autonomist wing of the PSI. There followed a long political apprenticeship spent as Secretary in local branch offices, as a municipal councillor, Deputy Chairman of the World Young Socialists League, city secretary and later group council leader for Milan. In the meantime he also held down a job at the Philosophy Faculty of Milan University. In 1976 he left the university when Craxi became PSI Secretary and called him to work for the party in Rome. A member of the Italian and European Parliaments, for almost a decade he was in charge of Italian culture, news and entertainment. In 1981 he became Deputy Secretary of the PSI, since 1984 the sole holder of the post. He first became Minister of Justice in 1991, retaining the post in t

he 1992 Amato government.

Alfonso MARTUCCI

Italy

Born in 1933. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) list.

A penal lawyer, Mr Martucci is a former Chairman of the Order of Lawyers. He was an official sponsor - with others, including Judge Falcone - of the new penal procedure code. During the 1960s and 1970s, he was active in the European Federalist movement. First elected to Parliament in 1992, he is Deputy Chairman of the Justice Committee.

Biagio MARZO

Italy

Born in 1945. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A graduate in arts and philosophy, Mr Marzo is a former member of the Central Committee and leadership Office of the PSI. At present, he is a member of the party's National Assembly. In 1992 he was re-elected to Parliament for the second time. In Parliament he sits on the Budget Committee.

Raffaele MASTRANTUONO

Italy

Born in 1943. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

Lawyer. Former Mayor of Villarina, a town in the province of Naples.

Vasile MATEI

Romania

Born in 1934, resident in Bucharest. Member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN). A former member of the Parliament of Romania, last elected on the FDSN list in 1990.

Valeriu MATEJ

Moldavia

Born in 1959. He lives in Chisinau, and is a member of the Moldavian Parliament.

Valeriu is Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on the Mass-Media. He is a writer.

Vincenzo MATTINA

Italy

Born in 1940. Member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). A Euro-MP.

This trade union leader has been a Euro-MP since 1984. At the European Parliament he sits on the Committee for economic and monetary problems and for industrial policy.

Gianni MATTIOLI

Italy

Born in 1940. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Greens list.

With a degree in physics, Mr Mattioli teaches mathematical physics at "La Sapienza" university in Rome. Throughout the 1980s, Mr Mattioli was an active anti-nuclear campaigner. He sat on committees on energy matters promoted by Parliament and by the European Council. He is a member of the leadership of Lega per l'ambiente (Environment League) and "Italia Nostra". He is also a member of the Greens Federal Council.

Alfred MAZALIK

Romania

Born in 1927. Member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR). A member of the Romanian Parliament.

Baskkim MAZREKU

Kosovo

Born in 1961, resident in Prizren. A member of the Kosovo Parliamentary Party, and a member of Parliament.

Economist.

Jurij MAZUR

Ukraine

Born in 1931, resident in Odessa. A member of the Ukrainian Parliament.

Jurij obtained a degree at the Philology Faculty of the University of Odessa in 1959. A combative and well-known journalist, director of the JUG newspaper, he and other journalists joined the Radical Party for the purpose of strengthening the party and, above all, to fight for fair and truthful news coverage. He is a member of the "Nuova Ucraina" Parliamentary group, and a member of the Committee on Glasnost.

Gianluigi MELEGA

Italy

Born in 1935. A former member of Parliament elected on the Radical list during the 8th and 9th terms of government.

A journalist, Gianluigi was editor-in-chief of the Rome bureau of the weekly magazine Panorama, editor-in-chief of the daily La Repubblica, editor-in-chief of the weekly L'Europeo and chief political editor on L'Espresso. In his capacity as a journalist, together with a number of Radical MPs, he led a campaign to bring the "Lockheed scandal" to light, forcing the resignation of the then President of Italy, Giovanni Leone.

He was fired as editor-in-chief of L'Europeo because of his investigations into the Vatican's speculative building in Rome.

Mario MELIS

Italy

Born in 1921. Member of the Sardinian Action Party. A member of the European Parliament, where he belongs the to the Rainbow Green group.

A lawyer, he is a member of the Energy, Research and Technology Committee, and of the Institutional Committee.

Iraklij MERASHVILI

Georgia

Born in 1965. A member of the Georgia Parliament.

Historian. In 1990 he completed his studies at the University of Tblisi. Between 1988 and 1989 he was a member of the informal "Union for National Justice" organization. He was elected to the Supreme Soviet of Georgia for the first time in 1990, as part of the "Round Table - Free Georgia" list. In September 1991 he was one of the founder members of the "Charta 91" opposition group, in March 1992 becoming chairman of the organization. In June 1992 he was elected to the Georgia council of State. In the recent elections held on October 11, he was re-elected to the new Georgian Parliament.

Ivan MESICEK

Slovenia

Born in 1933. A member of the Slovene Christian Democratic Party, part of the DEMOS coalition of parties. Member of the Slovene Parliament.

A professor of Slav languages (he speaks Slovene, Russian and Serbo-Croat), Ivan is very active within DEMOS, a coalition of parties founded during the nation's first democratic elections. He was elected as representative for Pesnica, near Maribor. Formerly, he sat on the Committees for Cultural Heritage and for Consumer Protection, and is also a member of the Committee for Demilitarization. He is in favour of a programme for Christian ethics, for the reinstatement of religious and moral values.

"To start with, I was ambivalent about the Radical Party. I was troubled by its sensationalist manner of raising public interest in an idea. Then I saw that while the whole world was doing nothing to stop the mass crimes of Serb Nazi-fascism against Croatia, the transnational Radical Party was the first to react, including Marco Pannella's personal appearance among the soldiers of the Croat army. For me, this was an important moment. In addition, I agree with the idea and method of political action: acting with the force of argument, not violence, against the violent people of this world. I also agree with the proposal of using Esperanto as a democratic means of communication between different peoples."

Dako MIHAILOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1943. Member of the Bulgarian Democratic Forum, elected to the National Assembly on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) list.

Lawyer.

Vladimir MIHAJLOV

Russia

Born in 1955, resident in Moscow. Member of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic.

Journalist.

Jadranko MIJALIC

Croatia

Born in 1952. Member of the Croat Social-Liberal Party (HSLS), former member of the Croat Parliament as an HSLS candidate.

Economist.

"I agree that there should be a cross-party organization uniting all men, including those with differing opinions, so that we may overcome the great problems of this century. Often, minor differences during difficult periods are not important: what is important is substance. In Croatia at the present moment the substance is liberty. This is the fundamental aim that must be sought, regardless of party orientation."

Tatjana L. MIJATOVIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Born in 1941, resident in Sarajevo. Elected to the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament on the Party for Democratic Reform (SPD) list.

A university lecturer, Ms Mijatovic lives in Sarajevo, for the last seven months under siege, without electricity, food, running water and fuel. Communication is practically impossible. Tatjiana joined the Radical Party by sending the coupon in our newspaper in November 1992. Aside from that, at the present moment we know nothing else about her.

Nina L. MIKHAILOVA

Bulgaria

Born in 1943 in Kostenetz. She lives in Sofia and is a member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), the party of Bulgaria's former Communists. She was elected to the National Assembly on the BSP list.

Ms Mikhailova went to a high school specializing in foreign languages, before obtaining a degree in French and Spanish philology at the University of Sofia. For many years she taught French, and then began working as an interpreter. During recent years, she has been involved in international politics as a translator and analyst. She has been a member of the National Assembly since 1991.

Vladimir MILCIN

Macedonia

Born in 1947. Member of the national leadership of the Macedonian Social Democratic Party.

Theatre director.

Marin MILETA

Croatia

Born in 1959. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), a national-conservative oriented party that is part of the majority grouping. Elected to the Croat Parliament on the HDZ slate.

Marin is a member of the Parliamentary Legislative Committee and the Parliamentary Naval Commission. He is a lawyer in Starigrad, on the isle of Hvar. He stood at the elections as an HDZ candidate, placing particular emphasis on a programme for economic development of Croatia's islands.

"The main reason I joined the Radical Party is Marco Pannella, for having taking part in the Croat war in an amazingly nonviolent way."

Paskal MILO

Albania

Born in 1949. Deputy Chairman of the Albanian Social Democratic Party, and a member of the Albanian Parliament.

University lecturer.

Carlo MINNAJA

Italy

Born in 1940. Member of the Esperanto Academy.

Carlo is a lecturer in applied mathematics at the University of Padua. He is a former member of the UEA (Universal Esperantist Association), and between 1964 and 1969 was Chairman of the Italian Esperantist Youth association. He is currently overseeing the world's most complete Esperanto dictionary project.

Asen MITCHKOVSKI

Bulgaria

Born in 1935, resident in Sofia. Founder and deputy-Chairman of the Alternative Social-Liberal Party (ASP) established in February 1990. Elected to the National Assembly on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) list.

Asen serves on the SDS National Co-ordinating council, and he is Chairman of the Bulgarian Parliament's Economic Committee.

Margarit V. MITZEV

Bulgaria

Born in 1956 in Sofia. Elected to the National Assembly on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

After obtaining her law degree at Sofia University, Margarit become a lecturer at the Vraza University of Economic Justice and Finance. She has written many essays, articles and scientific treatises, and is a member of the Constitutional Union's council of Experts. She is also a member of the Economics Committee and the Budget and Finance Committee.

Sonia K. MLADENOVA

Bulgaria

Born in 1945. Member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), the party of the country's reformed Communists. She was elected to Parliament as a BSP candidate.

Sonia obtained a law degree at the "St. Clement of Ocrida" University in Sofia in 1972. She worked as deputy prosecutor in Sofia, acting as chief law advisor to the Ministry of Justice before being elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1990. During her mandate at the Assembly she served as Deputy Chairman of the Regulations Committee, Secretary of the Legislative Committee, and she was a member of the Committee for the Drawing up of a Constitution. During the 1991 elections she was returned to Parliament as a BSP candidate, this time joining the National Security Committee. She is one of the founder members of the Association of Social Democracy, of which she is part of the leadership council.

Enrico MODIGLIANI

Italy

Born in 1937. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Republican Party (PRI).

A law graduate, Mr Modigliani is a company director, an industrialist and an entrepreneur. He is a member of the council of the Rome Jewish Community, first elected to Parliament in 1992 as an independent. He sits on the Committee for Manufacturing, Business and Tourism.

Domenico MODUGNO

Italy

Born in 1928, resident in Rome. A former member of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate as a Radical Party candidate.

An artist, musician and very famous singer, Mr Modugno has reaped international success in his career. In Parliament he fought passionately to resolve problems in the Italian health service. His particular focus was on the appalling state of mental hospitals.

Mollè MOLL

The Ivory Coast

Born at Aheoua in 1950. He has been a member of the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI) since 1990. Elected to the National Assembly on the FPI list.

Mollè is married and has five children. A mathematics professor, he is a former deputy headmaster of the Cocody Protestant secondary school. He has been an active member of the Teachers' Union council, serving as its Chairman. He is currently Secretary of the National Assembly Office, Deputy Chairman of the Social and Cultural Affairs Committee, and a town councillor in Akoupè.

Raul MORODO LEONCIO

Spain

Born in 1935, resident in Madrid. He is a Euro-MP, elected on the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) list.

Raul is a law professor at the University of Madrid. He is a lawyer and a member of the CDS National Committee. He was a former activist in the anti-Franco movement, and has served as Spain's ambassador to UNESCO.

Vladimir MOSKOVKA

Ukraine

Born in 1950, resident in Kiev. Chairman of the United Social Democrat Party, and a member of the Parliament of the Ukrainian republic.

An engineer by trade, Vladimir is Secretary of the Mass-media Committee. He hopes for a greater Radical presence in Ukraine, and considers the Radical Party as the sole party that can get Ukrainian parties to move beyond a narrowly regionalist perception of the coming decade.

Izet MUHAMEDAGIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Born in 1938, resident in Bosanski Novi, in the province of Sarajevo. Elected to the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament on the Democratic Action Party (SDA) list. He is Chairman of the Parliamentary National Security Commission.

A lawyer, Izet says "I received and read your newspapers and realized that yours is a serious party that is not the preserve of any one people. I was also struck by the fact that the party's members come from all over the world. As the newspaper invited my enrolment, I happily obliged." Izet was recently held by the Serb police for four months. Thanks to pressure by the Radical Party and several Euro-MPs, he and his wife were released on September 18, 1992, and escorted to Zagreb as refugees.

Mirza MUJADZIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Born in 1962, Mirza lives in Bihac. Member of the Democratic Action Party (SDA) and of the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament.

A doctor by profession, Mirza serves on the SDA Executive Committee. He is Chairman of the Bagna Luca provincial branch of the SDA, and Chairman of the Bagna Luca provincial council, temporarily displaced to Bihac because of the war.

Rahmet MUKASHEV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1956, resident in Alma Ata. Member of the Kazakh Parliament and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Committee.

Haqif MULLIQUI

Kosovo

Born in 1960, Hagiq lives in Prishtine, where he was elected to Parliament as a candidate of the Kosovo Parliamentary Party.

Freelance journalist.

Igorj MURADJAN

Armenia

Born in 1957, resident in Yerevan. Member of the Armenian Parliament.

Dzeladin MURATI

Macedonia

Born in 1942 in the Tetovo province. Member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP). He is a member and deputy speaker of the Macedonian Parliament.

Dzeladin holds a degree in teaching, and has worked as a teacher and pedagogue. He has published over one hundred and twenty essays on education and teaching theory.

Ilhan V. MUSTAF

Bulgaria

Born in 1961 in the village of Telerig. He is a member of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS), a party that in a de facto manner represents the Turkic minority, and at the present moment supports the government. He was elected to the National Assembly on the DPS list.

Mr Mustafà obtained a degree in biology and chemistry at the Superior Institute of Shumen. Between 1984 and 1989 he worked as a biology and chemistry teacher. Since January 1990 he has been working for the Movement for Rights and Freedoms as a member of the Central council, and he is Chairman of the organization's Dobrich branch. He is Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee for the Environment.

Ibran MUSTAFIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

Resident in Sarajevo. Member of the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament, elected as a candidate of the Democratic Action Party (SDA).

For months Sarajevo has been under siege, without electricity, food, running water and fuel. Communication is practically impossible. Ibran joined the Radical Party by sending the coupon in our newspaper in November 1992. Aside from that, at the present moment we know nothing more about him.

Sandor NAGY

Serbia

Born in 1933, resident in Novo Orahovo. Member of the Vojvodina Magyar Democratic Union (VMDK) and a member of the Serb Parliament.

Doctor.

Giovanni NEGRI

Italy

Born in 1957. A former member of the Italian and European Parliaments for the Radical Party.

Radical Party Secretary between 1985 and 1987. Leader of the 1986 special campaign for 10,000 party members, rallied to the cry "Either you support it or you abort it". In 1992 he stood for Parliament on the Referendum list. Giovanni has been a major force in the struggle for information and against extermination by hunger in the world, going on a long hunger strike. He was one of the leading promoters of the "I live Tibet" campaign against China's violent occupation. He was a pro tempore Secretary of Arcod (the Radical Association for a Democratic Constituent Assembly).

Riccardo NENCINI

Italy

Born in 1959. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as an Italian Socialist Party (PSI) candidate.

Riccardo worked as a civil servant before becoming a freelance journalist. He joined the PSI in 1979. He is a member of the PSI National Assembly and of the Club Turati head office. He is also a member of the leadership of the European Ecological Movement.

Anton NICOLAU

Romania

Member of the Hellenic Union, a group representing the Greek minority, and a member of the Romanian Parliament.

"This party has its own special standpoint. The fact that the party has as its raison d'être democracy means that human dignity is considered as the utmost value and nonviolence is considered to be the basic denominator in human relations. All this has brought me round to the transnational Radical Party's standpoint."

Ioan NICULITA

Romania

Ioan lives in Sebes. He is a member of the Liberal Party and of the National Salvation Front (FSN). He is a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 as an independent candidate.

Giovanni NONNE

Italy

Born in 1940. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

On several occasions he has served as Undersecretary to the Merchant Navy Ministry. He was Undersecretary of State to the Treasury under the first Craxi government.

Lord NORTHAMPTON

England

Born in 1946. A Conservative member of the House of Lords.

Lord Northampton is the 7th lord of the Northampton region. He was educated at Eton, and married for the 5th time in 1990.

Francesco NUCARA

Italy

Born in 1940. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Republican Party (PRI).

Francesco has degrees in statistics and in architecture. He is a former head of the PRI economic unit and is a member of the party's national leadership. He joined the PRI in 1963, and during the 7th Andreotti government was Undersecretary of State for Public Works.

Halis OKAN

Bulgaria

Born in 1931. He is a publisher and lists his hobby as collecting.

A patron of Turkic origin, Halis has for many years dedicated himself to the struggle for the civic rights of gypsies. He owns a specialized publishing house which turns out special weekly publications for pensioners, gypsies, divorcees, handicapped people, animal lovers and for people interested in alternative medicine.

Rosario OLIVO

Italy

Born in 1940. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on an Italian Socialist Party (PSI) slate.

A freelance journalist, Rosario was awarded an "honoris causa" degree in political science by the Constantinian University of Providence (USA). Other awards include that of commendatore and Officer of Merit of the Republic. He was national leader of the Italian Young Socialist Federation, and is currently a member of the Socialist Party's national assembly.

Constantin ORHEI

Romania

Resides in Iasi, where he is a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN). He is a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990 as an FSN candidate.

Engineer.

Remzi OSMAN

Bulgaria

Born in 1964 in Kardjali. Elected to the National Assembly on the Movement for Rights and Liberties (DPS) list.

He is Secretary of the Parliamentary group.

Ousseni OUANGRE

Burkina Faso

Born in 1946, resident in Tenkodogo.

Teacher

Noraogo Simplice OUEDRAOGO

Burkina Faso

Born in 1949, resident in Ouagadougou. Member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Workers' Movement (ODP/MT), and a member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Economist.

Samiemba OUEDRAOGO

Burkina Faso

Born in 1936, resident in Ouagadougou. Member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Workers' Movement (ODP/MT), and a member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Rumen G. OURUMOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1947, Rumen lives in Sofia. He is a member of the Radical Democratic Party, one of the fifteen formations that make up the SDS Parliamentary group. He was elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition.

A physics graduate, in 1990 Tumen became a member of the Radical Democratic Party and of the Executive Committee of the National council (elected at the first reconstitutional congress of this party). He was re-elected in 1990 at the second extraordinary congress. Since November 1989 he has been a member of the "Podkrepa" Labour Confederation. Between March and July 1990 he worked on the Executive council of the Union of Scientific workers, part of the "Podkrepa" Labour Confederation.

Aziz PACOLLI

Kosovo

Born in 1958, he lives in Prishtine. He is a member of the Kosovo Parliament.

Engineer.

Maurizio PAGANI

Italy

Born in 1936. He is a member of the Central Committee and leadership group of the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI). He is a member of the Chamber of Deputies and Minister for the Post Office and Telecommunications.

A civil hydraulic engineer by trade, Maurizio began his political career as a councillor for public works and Mayor of the town of Novara. He joined the PSDI in 1973, becoming a deputy Secretary. He has held a number of party posts in its federations and on the Central Committee. Elected to the Senate in 1983, he has served as Deputy Chairman of the Senate Constitutional Affairs Committee. He was Chairman of the Environment Commission during the tenth legislature. This is the first time he has been appointed to a post of Ministerial rank.

Pavel PANFILOV

Estonia

Born in 1945, resident in Tallin. Chairman of the Equal Rights Faction, which looks after the protection of the rights of the Russian minority, formed by former members of the Soviet Communist Party. He was a member of the Supreme Soviet, elected as a candidate of the FPD.

A former official of KOMSOMOL and the Communist Party.

"I realized that the Radical Party is a political force that acts on a world-wide scale, without limiting itself to national boundaries. That is why I joined."

Marco PANNELLA

Italy

Born in 1930. Chairman of the Radical Party Federal Council. He is a member of the European Parliament, in the Unenrolled Group, elected as a candidate of the "Federalist Liberal Republicans". He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies on the Pannella List.

Marco Pannella is one of the founder members of the Radical Party. Aged twenty, he was national university leader of the Liberal Party. At twenty-two he was Chairman of the UGI, the union of all lay student movements, at twenty-three he was Chairman of the National Union of University Students (UNURI). When he was twenty-four, he set about founding the Radical Party, alongside a prestigious group of democratic, liberal and socialist intellectuals and politicians. The Radical Party came into being in 1956. Pannella has dedicated himself to the party, except for a spell between 1960 and 1963, when he lived in Paris as correspondent for the Il Giorno newspaper. Marco is one of the founders of the Leagues for the Establishment of Divorce, for Conscientious Objection, for the repeal of the Concordat signed during the fascist period between church and state, of the Piero Calamandrei Legal Action Centre, of the AIED (Italian Association for Demographic Education), and has always been in the forefront of the struggl

e for (achieved) reform of legislation on drugs, on electoral law concerning the voting rights of eighteen year-olds, on mental hospitals. In his commitment to the protection of human and civil rights, he was arrested back in 1968 in Sofia for having organized demonstrations in Warsaw Pact countries in support of the Czechoslovakian people and their "Spring uprising". He was one of the first in Europe to become involved in the green and ecologist movements, and has worked hard to bring back morals to public life. This campaign has included battles against the public financing of parties in Italy and against the country's partyism. With the Radical Party he has organized more than twenty campaigns to gather referendum proposals on a full range of topics concerning social and political life, in particular dealing with the right to and the administration of justice. He has been stopped, arrested and tried hundreds of times for his nonviolent struggles, but every time he has been cleared, except for once, when h

e received a fine for a press infraction. Many times he has been elected to office as a municipal and provincial councillor for several Italian cities. He has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies every time he has stood. He has also been elected twice to the Italian Senate and twice to the European Parliament. He has gone on many fasts, sometimes refusing liquids too, not just in Italy but all over Europe, as part of campaigns for new civil and human rights legislation, and against death by famine in the world. He drafted the Nobel Prize Winners' Manifesto/Appeal against hunger, signed to date by one hundred prize winners. He proposed the resolution approved by the European Parliament in 1981 which led to new laws in Italy and Belgium against death by famine in the world. In January 1987 he stood as candidate for Speaker of the European Parliament, obtaining sixty-one votes. He is Chairman of the European Federalist Parliamentary group.

Kolio PARAMOV

Bulgaria

Member of the "Social Democratic Alliance" (OSD) faction. Elected to the National Assembly on the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) slate.

Petre PARTAL

Romania

Resident in Buzau. Member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), the majority party. He is a member of the Romanian Parliament.

Miroslav PAVIN

Croatia

Born in 1950. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), and a former member of the Croat Parliament, elected on the HDZ list.

Engineer.

Liubomir V. PAVLOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1957, resident in Sofia. Member of the United Democratic Centre (ODC), part of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition.

Alfonso PECORARO

Italy

Born in 1959. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a Green candidate.

A civil lawyer, Mr Pecoraro is a former leader of the Salerno Radical Association. In 1980 he served as Chairman of the Campania Radical Party branch Federal Council. He is a founder member of the Radical and Ecologist Association and of the Salerno Radical Radio station. In 1981 he set up the Green Movement in Salerno and the province of Campania. First elected to Parliament in 1992, he sits on the Justice Committee.

Ferenc PECSI

Romania

Born in 1944 at Berveni. Member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR). Elected to the Romanian Parliament as a Union candidate. A former Secretary of the Parliamentary Economics Committee and of the Foreign Affairs Committee.

Ferenc obtained a degree in foreign economics in 1966 in Bucharest, going on to work at the Tourism Ministry until 1970, when he moved to Szatmar and became manager of a local firm. In 1986 the "securitate" began a defamatory campaign against him, accusing him of various political crimes. By order of the Romanian Communist Party he was removed from the management of the company where he worked. In March 1986 his son attempted to flee Romania, only to be killed by a customs officer seven kilometres from the border. After Ceausescu's fall, Ferenc was chosen as one of the country's new political organizers, becoming Deputy Mayor of the Szatmar region. He has been a member of Parliament since 1990.

Srecko PENEZIC

Croatia

Born in 1942, resident in Zagreb. A former member of Parliament on the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ) list.

Fabrizio PENNACCHIETTI

Italy

Born in 1938. Chairman of the Italian Institute of Esperanto.

Fabrizio is a professor in Semitic philology at the University of Turin. He has been a member of the Academy of Esperanto since 1984. He has written numerous scientific works on philology. He is Deputy Chairman of the San Marino International Academy of Science.

Valeriu PESCARU

Romania

Member of the Agrarian Democratic Party and a former member of the Romanian Parliament. A former Secretary of State at the Ministry of Agriculture.

Engineer.

Georgi PETROV

Bulgaria

Born in 1943, resident in Sofia. Chairman of the "N. Petkov" Popular Agrarian Union, elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS).

Angelo PEZZANA

Italy

Born in 1940. A former Radical Party member of the Chamber of Deputies.

The founder of Fuori!, Angelo has been the prime mover behind many sensational activities in favour of homosexual freedom, in Italy and elsewhere. In Moscow he was arrested and subsequently deported. He is Chairman of Italy-Israel friendship associations and a former Piedmont regional councillor elected as a Green candidate. He is currently an Anti-prohibitionist elected councillor in Turin.

Cyril PILLAY

South Africa

Born in 1960 in Durban. He lives in Chatsworth. Member of Solidarity and a member of the South African House of Delegates.

Reverend Pillay first joined the Radical Party in 1992. The House of Delegates, the representative body of the Indian minorities, is one of the three Houses that make up the South African legislative system. It consists of forty members, each of which is directly elected, plus two nominated by the president and a further three named by the House of Delegates itself according to a proportional system. The nub of Solidarity's policy centres around the abolition of apartheid; fighting for a non-discriminatory South Africa; guaranteeing the right to vote to all South Africans; ensuring independence and a correct functioning of the judiciary. The party is in favour of the free market, as well as an educational system and a charter of human rights guaranteeing freedom of the individual. Solidarity justifies its participation in the tri-cameral Parliament by stating that this is the only way to better the lot of the Indian community and to eradicate apartheid.

Paolo PILLITTERI

Italy

Born in 1940. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A bachelor of arts, Paolo is a film critic and a university professor in film studies at the University of Milan. He is a former Mayor of Milan, who for many years has been writing for the newspaper Avanti! and appearing on state-run television networks.

Josip PINEZIC

Croatia

Born in 1935. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), the national-conservative majority party. A lawyer, Josip is Chairman of the HDZ Jurists' Club.

"I perceive the Radical Party's policies and role in the continuity of its pragmatic and flexible campaigns, in its characteristics as a party beyond the classic meaning of the term. It is a movement that crosses borders, attracting and gathering people to its own ideas. Those ideas are topical and indispensable throughout the world: anti-prohibitionism, prevention of AIDS, human and minority rights, environmentalism, a Europe and a world without borders To my mind these ideas are particularly pertinent in formerly Communist nations, and also in Africa and Latin America, and I am most certain that the Radical Party's ideas will bring together more and more men of this "new era". A movement such as the Radical Party is a natural partner and ally of the Croat Democratic Union."

Franco PIRO

Italy

Born in 1948, elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A degree-holder in political science, Franco has written widely on economic history. He is a member of the PSI Central Committee, and sits on the Parliamentary Finance Committee.

Sergej PIROZHKOV

Lithuania

Born in 1958, resident in Spechkus. A former member of the Lithuanian Parliament.

Between 1978 and 1982 Sergej worked at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Centre. In 1985 he took a specialist course at the polytechnic of St. Petersburg. Since 1982 he has worked as an engineer at the Ignalina (Lithuania) nuclear power station. In 1990 he was elected to the Lithuanian Parliament, where he served on the Committee on Nationalities and Citizens' Rights.

Vitautas Piatras PLECHKAITIS

Lithuania

Born in 1950, resident in Vilnius. A member of the Lithuanian Parliament.

Mr Plechkaitis obtained a history degree in 1981 at the university of Vilnius. From 1981 to 1989 he taught and worked for the Department of Archaeology, History and Cultural Monuments. Between 1989 and 1990 he was deputy director of the Klaipeda history museum. In 1990, and again in 1992, he was elected to the Lithuanian Parliament. He is a member of the leadership council of the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party.

Viktor PODVICKIJ

Russia

Viktor lives in St. Petersburg. He is a member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Vello POHLA

Estonia

Born in 1936, resident in Tallinn. Member of the Green Party. A former member of the Supreme Soviet of Estonia.

Pierluigi POLVERARI

Italy

Born in 1945. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A former provincial Secretary of the UIL (Italian Union of Workers) and Deputy Mayor of Lecco. In 1987 he was elected among the PSI's 35 national arbitrators. He is Chairman of the Turati Club.

Ljudmila PONIDELKO

Russia

Born in 1948, resident in St. Petersburg. Member of the liberal "Democratic Russia" movement and a member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

A teacher, for many years Ljudmila worked in Krasnojarsk, Siberia. Founder of the "Free Press" foundation in support of Glasnost.

Kira PONOCHEVNAJA

Russia

Born in 1940, resident in St. Petersburg. A member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Magistrate.

Dumitru POP

Romania

Resident in Tirgu Mures. Dumitru is a member of the Romanian National Union and a former member of Parliament, last elected in 1990.

Economist.

Elena POPTODOROVA

Bulgaria

Born in 1951, resident in Sofia. Member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), the reformed Communist party. Elected to the National Assembly as a BSP candidate.

Elena obtained a degree in English and Italian literature at the University of Sofia. From 1975 to 1990 she worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Between 1987 and 1990 she was Bulgarian Embassy counsellor in Rome. She was elected to the Bulgarian Parliament as a candidate of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) during the country's first democratic elections, held in June 1990. She was returned to Parliament in the October 1991 elections. She is a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee and of the Committee on Religion. She is deputy Chairwoman of the Bulgarian interparliamentary group.

"I am joining the Radical Party because I support the idea of European federalism, of treating all countries in an equal fashion, particularly the new democracies of Eastern Europe. I am joining in support of nonviolence, environmental protection and antiprohibitionism."

Nicolae Petre POSEA

Romania

Resident in Nehoiu Buzan. Elected to Parliament on the National Salvation Front (FSN) list.

Engineer.

Damiano POT

Italy

Born in 1934, resident in Lecce. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

Damiano is a freelance engineer, who has been Mayor of his home town, Melendugno, several times. He is a former Secretary of the provincial branch of the PSI Federation.

Branko POZNJAK

Croatia

Born in 1932, resident in Zagreb. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), and a former HDZ-sponsored member of the Croat Parliament.

Economist.

Kerimkul PRIMKULOV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1952, Kerimkul lives in Alma Ata. Member of the Kazakh Parliament, Deputy Chairman of the Environmental Commission.

Chemical engineer.

Sandro PRINCIPE

Italy

Born in 1949. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). Undersecretary to the Ministry of Labour.

A lawyer, Sandro joined the PSI in 1965 and is a member of the party's National Assembly. He was Mayor of Rende from 1980 to 1987.

Ante PRKACIN

Croatia

Born in 1953, resident in Slavonski Brod. Member of the extreme right Croat Rights Party (HSP). Elected to the Croat Parliament in the HSP list.

A small business-owner, Mr Prkacin is commander of the HOS, the armed phalanx fighting in Bosnia and Hercegovina as part of the regular army.

"I met Pannella and I hold in high regard everything that he and the Radicals have done for Croatia by being in Osijek. I joined the party because of its struggle for the rule of law, for freedom of thought and expression, all of which are very important to the HSP too. My joining of the transnational Radical Party is in part to show that contrary to what many people think, the HSP is in favour of Europe, or will be as soon as we free ourselves from the Serbs' fraternal embrace."

Annamaria PROCACCI

Italy

Born in 1949. Elected to the Senate as a Green candidate.

Annamaria has a bachelor of arts and is a teacher. For many years now she has been involved in environmental matters, with particular regard for animal rights. She is a member of the League for the Abolition of Hunting, of which she is a former National Secretary. She was first elected to Parliament in 1987.

Gazmend PULA

Kosovo

Born in 1954, Gazmend lives in Prishtine. He is Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Party and Chairman of the Kosovo Helsinki Committee.

Engineer.

Luljeta PULA BEQIRI

Kosovo

Born in 1952, resident in Prishtine. Chairwoman of the Kosovo Social Democratic Party (SDSK).

A chemical engineer and part of the Albanian nationality group, Luljeta is a former member of the Communist Party. When sixteen she was almost expelled from her high school for her nationalist activities. She joined the Communist Party in 1974, a compulsory move as she had become an assistant lecturer at the university. In 1989, following the strike by the Stari Trg miners, she was thrown out of the party for her support of the uprising. In 1990, following the collapse of Communism, she joined the Democratic Union, previously the only national opposition to Communism. She became a member of the Women's Association within the Union, but she was forced to resign because her nationalist ideas were viewed as dangerous and she was accused of trying to create a party within the party. Subsequently she joined the Social Democratic Party, of which she has been elected Chairwoman.

Ruzhdi PULAHA

Albania

Born in 1942. Elected to the Albanian party as a candidate of the Albanian Social Democratic Party.

Nicola PUTIGNANO

Italy

Born in 1947. Elected to the Senate as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A graduate in business studies, Nicola is the man behind 70% of all ecological initiatives in the region of Apulia. Although not a member of the PSI, he comes from a family that has rich Socialist traditions, so was asked to present himself as a party candidate for the Senate in 1987.

Gheorghe RADUCANU

Romania

Resident in Bucharest. Chairman of the Rom Democratic Party and a member of the Romanian Parliament.

Mario RAFFAELLI

Italy

Born in 1946. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

Mario has been Undersecretary of State for Foreign Affairs on several occasions. First elected to Parliament in 1979.

Tolebaj RAHYPBEKOV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1953. A member of the Kazakh Parliament, Deputy Chairman of the National Health Committee.

Tolebaj is a doctor and a physicist.

Ivar RAIG

Estonia

Born in 1953, resident in Tallin. He is a member of the Agrarian Party, and sits in the Estonian Parliament.

Ivar is the only one of the eleven Estonian MPs who are Radical Party members to be re-elected in the recent September elections. This is because only 67% of those eligible were allowed to vote, meaning that just over 400,000 people voted out of a population of around 1 million. The Russian, Ukrainian and Belorussian minorities were deprived of their citizens' rights and barred from voting.

Ismet RAMADANI

Macedonia

Born in 1954, resident in Arcinovo, in the province of Skopje. He is a member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP) and a member of the Macedonian Parliament.

A chemistry graduate, Ismet teaches at the "Zef Ljus Marku" high school.

Abdyl RAMAJ

Kosovo

Born in 1944, resident in Prishtine. Elected to Parliament on the Kosovo Democratic League list.

Freelance journalist.

Pio RAPAGN

Italy

Born in 1945. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Pannella list.

An industrial surveyor, Pio studied theology and, after 1968, attended the Chieti seminary college. Following serious disagreements with the ecclesiastical hierarchy, Pio gave up his religious studies and began his political activity with the new left. He was a member of the Proletarian Democracy party until it was wound up. In 1990 he became a municipal councillor in his home town. Some of his most important political achievements are the demonstrations, fasts and sit-ins for citizens' right to a home and for a better quality of life in working class areas. He was elected to Parliament for the first time in 1992, and sits on the Environmental Committee.

Giuseppe REINA

Italy

Born in 1928. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

This lawyer is a former Undersecretary of State for Transport and at the Ministry for Postal and Telecommunication Services. First elected to Parliament in 1976.

Aldo Gabriele RENZULLI

Italy

Born in 1943. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A graduate in philosophy, Mr Renzulli is a company director. He is a former regional Secretary of the PSI, and a member of the party's National Assembly.

Tarik RESIDBEGOVIC

Bosnia

Born in 1949, resident in Sarajevo. A member of the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament for the Democratic Action Party (SDA).

Engineer. For months Sarajevo has been under siege. There is no electricity, no food, no running water and no fuel, and any kind of communication is next to impossible. Tarik joined the Radical Party by sending the coupon from our newspaper in November 1992. For the moment, that is all we can find out about him.

Ianusz REWINSKI

Poland

Born in 1949, resident in Warsaw. Elected to Parliament as a candidate of the Party of Economic Platforms (close to the former prime Minister Mazowieszky's Democratic Union).

An interpreter, author and set-designer, Ianusz is one of the founder members of the Beer Party.

Giovanni RICEVUTO

Italy

Born in 1941. Elected to the Senate as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A lawyer, Giovanni has filled various political posts at regional and town levels. He was first elected to the Senate in 1987, where he is currently Deputy Chairman of the Education Committee.

Mario RIGO

Italy

Born in 1929. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Veneto Autonomous League.

A graduate in business studies, Mario was Mayor of Venice from 1975 to 1985. He is the General Secretary of the Veneto Autonomous League civic lists. First elected to the European Parliament in 1984.

Carlo RIPA DI MEANA

Italy

Born in 1929. Member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). Minister for the Environment.

Mr Ripa di Meana is a former EC Commissioner for the Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Defence. In 1950 he was appointed editor-in-chief of the CGIL (an Italian trades union) weekly newspaper, Il Lavoro, before moving on to the Foreign Affairs bureau of L'Unità, the Italian Communist Party's daily newspaper. From 1953 to 1956 he was Italy's representative to the International Union of Students (UIE), based in Prague, whose Secretary was Juri Pelikan. Back in Italy he launched Nuova Generazione, a weekly newspaper, together with Saverio Tutino and Luciana Castellina. In 1957 he left the PCI and in 1958 he joined the Socialist Party. For a spell he worked in publishing, with the Feltrinelli and Rizzoli groups. During Italy's first regional elections in 1970 he was elected as councillor for the region of Lombardy. He became Chairman of the Statute Commission and organized the process of preparing the first statute of an Italian region. Between 1979 and 1980 he looked after PSI international relations. At th

is time he was a counsellor at La Scala in Milan. He was Chairman of the Venice Biennale from 1974 to 1979, the year he was elected to the European Parliament. He has been a member of Altiero Spinelli's Crocodile Club since its inception. He was Deputy Chairman of the International Solidarity Committee for the Afghan People. In January 1985 he was appointed to the European Community Commission, with responsibility for culture and communication, institutional matters, information and tourism. He is Chairman of the Association for Neuropsychological Research and Development, based in Milan, and of the Italian National Union of Translators of Literature.

Gruda RIZAH

Serbia

Born in 1946 at Klas, Montenegro. Member of the Democratic Action Party (SDA), and a member of the Serb Parliament. Sangiaccato Minister for Education.

Gruda is a geography professor and a former member of the Communist Party.

Gheorghe ROMAN

Romania

Member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN). Member of the Romanian Parliament.

Manush ROMANOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1929. Resident in Sofia. Chairman of the "Rom Democratic Union", and a former National Assembly member.

Director

Paolo ROMEO

Italy

Born in 1947. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI).

A Lawyer, Paolo made his Parliamentary debut in 1992.

Raffaele ROTIROTI

Italy

Born in 1935. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A graduate in law, Raffaele is a former Director General of INPS (the National Social Insurance Agency). After joining the PSI in 1964, he became CEO of the Forlanini hospital in Rome. He is a member of the PSI Central Committee and National Assembly. He is a former Rome municipal councillor, and currently sits on the Parliamentary Budget Committee.

Antonio RUBERTI

Italy

Born in 1927. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

A former Minister for the Co-ordination of Scientific Research and Technology, and then Minister for Further and Higher Education. Mr Ruberti has a degree in engineering. He is a professor at Rome's "La Sapienza" University, and served as university rector from 1976 to 1987.

Mirie RUSHANI

Kosovo

Born in 1954, resident in Prishtine. Deputy Chairman of the Kosovo Liberal Party.

Mirie is a journalist.

"Until now, I always hated the word 'politics'. I think this is so for everybody who lives in East Europe, because 'politics' was synonymous with all those things that can be commited against individuals, against freedom, against culture. In the Radical Party I have found what I have been seeking for years: I am joining a political movement that is open to the international scene just like two friends share their feelings; without ulterior motives."

Yovcho RUSSEV

Bulgaria

Born in 1936 in Gorno Aleksandrovo. Elected to the National Assembly on the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) list.

Yovcho is an economist specializing in North-South development problems.

Giuseppe RUSSO

Italy

Born in 1936. Elected to the Senate on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A graduate in English literature, Mr Russo was Mayor of the town of Casoria for three years before entering the Senate in 1991. He has launched initiatives and projects for urban improvement, and serves on the Education Committee.

Francesco RUTELLI

Italy

Born in 1954. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a Green candidate.

Francesco is a freelance journalist. In 1981 he was Chairman of the Radical Party, in 1984 party Treasurer. An anti-militarist and conscientious objector, he is a co-founder of the Institute of Research into Disarmament, Development and Peace. From 1983 onwards he was a Radical Party member of Parliament, and Group Parliamentary leader. During the recent European elections he was one of the organizers of the "Rainbow Greens" list. He is a member of the Greens Federation Steering Committee, and a Rome city councillor representing the Greens group. He is one of the founding members of the Centre for a Sustainable Future Environmental Association. He is a former Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee's Human Rights Commission.

Julij RYBAKOV

Russia

Born in 1946. Member of the opposition Russian Social Democratic Party. Chairman of the St. Petersburg Soviet's Human Rights Commission.

Mr Rybakov is a painter and dissident who spent six years in prison for anti-Soviet activities. He is Chairman of the St. Petersburg branch of the International Society for Human Rights. In the last elections he stood as a candidate of the Free Russia society, of the documentary film collective and of the Popular Front democratic platform.

Vladimir RYLJAKOV

Moldavia

Born in 1947. Member of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldavia.

Genrik SAAKJAN

Armenia

Born in 1932, resident in Yerevan. Member of the Armenian Parliament.

Iljaz SABRIU

Macedonia

Born in 1951 and lives at Tetovo. Minister of Works of the Republic of Macedonia.

Graduated in economics at the University of Prishtine in 1973. He has worked at the Economics Secretariat in Tetovo. Chairman of the Central Committee of the municipal council from 1982 to 1986 and Deputy Chairman of the Regional Labour Committee from 1986 to 1988.

Ferid SADIKU

Macedonia

Born in 1942 at Beloviste in the province of Gostivar. Member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP), the Albanian minority party. Elected to Parliament on the PDP ticket.

A doctor of medicine, he works as an internist at the "Boris Kanceski" Medical Centre at Gostivar.

Gabriele SALERNO

Italy

Born in 1947. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

A political science and economics graduate. Member of the PSI Central Committee since 1978. Former Piedmont regional councillor for the Environment. Promoter of various campaigns and bills for the protection of the environment. Founder and President of the Oltre l'età foundation, a centre which studies social intiatives for old people.

Muhammad SALIH

Uzbekistan

Born in 1949 and lives at Tashkent. Leader of the ERK (freedom) Democratic Party. Member of the Usbekistan Parliament.

Muhammad is a writer. The ERK is the only officially recognized opposition Party in Uzbekistan. Its programme includes a demand for national independence and a wider use of the Uzbek language. The Party has practically no chance of taking political action in Uzbekistan and recently all the computers and faxes in the Party Headquarters were confiscated. Muhammad Salih resigned from Parliament at the beginning of the year in protest at the dictatorial methods employed by members of the Government.

Massimo L. SALVADORI

Italy

Born in 1936. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) list. Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Foreign and EC Affairs.

Massimo Salvadori is a university professor.

Palguim Hamadou SAMBARE

Burkina Faso.

Born in 1952 and lives at Ouagadougou. Member of the Organization of People's Democracy/Workers' Movement. Member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Palguim Hamadou Sambare is a police chief.

Akop SANASARJAN

Armenia

Born in 1935 and lives at Yerevan. Leader of the Green Party. Member of the Armenian Parliament.

A physicist and chemist who graduated from the University of Yerevan. Member of the Armenian Parliament since 1990. Deputy Chairman of the Committee for the Environment and Natural Resources.

Maria Luisa SANGIORGIO

Italy

Born in 1947. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) ticket.

A teacher with a degree in languages and foreign literature. Former municipal councillor of Milan and one of the promoters of the Milano Donne Centre. First elected Deputy in 1987, she is presently Secretary of the Presidency Office in the Chamber and is on the Committee for Culture.

Mauro SANGUINETI

Italy

Born in 1946. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

Managing Director. First elected Deputy in 1983, he is on the Transport, Postal and Telecommunication Services Committee.

Attilio SANTORO

Italy

Born in 1950. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) ticket.

Director of the Institute for Italo-Arab Relations. Member of the Board of Governors of various private schools. First elected Deputy in 1992, he is also on the Transport, Postal and Telecommunication Services Committee.

Slavian SAPAREV

Bulgaria

Born in 1943 and lives at Plovdiv. Leader of the Liberal Party and former Member of the National Assembly.

Slavian Saparev is an engineer.

Muhamed SARECEVIC

Bosnia and Hercegovina

A resident of Sarejevo. Member of the Bosnia and Hercegovina Parliament.

Councillor with the Health Department and Director of a Sarejevo clinic. He joined the Radical Party in November 1992 during the occupation of Sarejevo. Muhamed Sarecevic has taken it upon himself to express the Bosnia and Hercegovina citizens' disenchantment with the international community, as they are aware that the presence of the UN (and the UNPROFOR) in this devastated area risks becoming an excuse used by the rest of the world to justify its behaviour.

"Why did you keep quiet, you members of the Army of the World, when the people of this country lost their homes, their families, and also their dignity? Have you by any chance heard of a brave city called Sarejevo which has been under siege for months? You didn't say a single word after the genocide committed in Foca, Rogatica and Visegrad, neither did you comment on the concentration camps of Trnopolje, Marijaca and Omarsk. Your lack of action has totally deluded the people of Bosnia, making what you stand for meaningless."

Alassane SAVADOGO

Burkina Faso

Born in 1959 and lives at Ouagadougou. First Secretary of the A.R.E.D.A. (Radical Association for Constitutional Government in Africa).

Professor of Law at the Burkina Faso School of Government and Magistrature.

Fernando SAVATER

Spain

Born in 1949 and resident of Madrid. Sociologist, political scientist, author, journalist and leader-writer of El Pais.

"I'm joining the Radical Party because it is the only European voice in politics that provides a fair answer to the problem of drugs in our society. A repressive policy against drugs has served as an excuse in Spain, as it has in many other countries, to impose a law which seriously limits various essential areas of individual freedom. I think the moment has come to put an end to this madness. As the Radical Party has been saying for years, drugs must be legalized. I also support other Radical Party campaigns, like the one against death from starvation in the world and the one to abolish the death penalty. I am greatly drawn to the transnational concept, which I find very important in a Europe more and more threatened by the spectres of nationalism and racism."

Nicola SAVINO

Italy

Born in 1937. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A pedagogy graduate and head of a grammar school, he also worked for Fiat for two years. A former provincial councillor of Potenza and a regional councillor. Member of the PSI Regional Committee. Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Constitutional Affairs and the Committee for Culture.

Wendyelle SAWADOGO

Burkina Faso

Born in 1948 and lives at Ouagadougou. Member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Workers' Movement. Member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Aleksandr SAZANOV

Russia

Born in 1952 and lives at St. Petersburg. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Romano SCARFAGNA

Italy

Born in 1951. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) list.

A surveyor and former Mayor of Farindola. Also elected provincial and regional councillor many times.

Leon SCHWARZENBERG

France

Born in 1923. Member of the Socialist Group in the European Parliament.

Member of the Committee for the Environment. Deputy Leader of the Delegation for Relations with Israel. A doctor and world-famous cancer specialist, who served as Minister of Health in the Rocard Government (1988) but resigned a month lather because he disagreed with government policy on the fight against drugs and drug-trafficking. He is an Antiprohibitionist.

Emil SCUKA

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1957. Leader of the ROI (Romska Obcanska Iniciativa) - Rom Civic Initiative. General Secretary of the Rom World Association.

The ROI is the Party founded by the Czechoslovakian gypsies one year ago, which constitutes one of the major political forces in the Civic Forum coalition - the organization which led the "Velvet Revolution". By joining the Radical Party, the ROI leadership and the members of Czechoslovakian Parliamentary institutions who followed suit, have underwritten the campaign for Czechoslovakia's entry into the EC, for the creation of a United Europe and for a Federal Europe, which is a Radical political instrument. The great strength and intelligence of the ROI and its leader is to have created a political programme capable of eliminating the ghetto to which the gypsies were confined. This is not only in the interest of the gypsies themselves but also society in general.

"I joined the Radical Party because this party, being transnational, is campaigning for the same things we of the ROI are fighting for: our rights."

Arsilan SELMANI

Macedonia

Born in 1945 at Lojane in the province of Kumanovo. Member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP), the Albanian minority party. Member of Parliament elected on the PDP list. Minister for Scientific Research.

A mathematics graduate and professor of geography with the Faculty of Science. A resident of Skopje.

Lev SEMASHKO

Russia

Born in 1941. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Rodica SERBANESCU

Romania

A resident of Bacau and member of the National Liberal Party which is well-known in Romania. Former Member of the Romanian Parliament last elected in 1990.

Rodica Serbanescu is a university professor.

Ruslan M. SERBEZOV

Bulgaria

Born on 15 February 1957 at Sadievo in the province of Burgas. Leader of the Conservative Ecological Party, one of the fifteen Parties which comprise the SDS Parliamentary Group. Member of the National Assembly elected on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

An engineer and agronomist, he also teaches biology and chemistry. Leader of the Plovdiv Green Party, Co-ordinator of the SDS Regional Committee, deputy leader of the Bulgarian Green Party and deputy leader of the Conservative Ecological Party.

Peter SERENCES

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1947. Member of the Slovakian Democratic Party of the Left. Former Member of the Czechoslovakian Federal Parliament.

He holds a degree in agriculture and has worked as manager of a public company engaged in farming.

Vladimir VASTJANOV

the Ukraine

Born in 1943. Member of the Ukraine Parliament.

A retired Colonel formerly with the Red Army, disabled after the war in Afghanistan. Industrialist group candidate in the elections. Chairman of the Committee for Problems of the Disabled. Member of the "New Ukraine" splinter group.

Gheorghe SFERCOCI

Romania

A resident of Lugoj. Member of the National Salvation Front (FSN). Former Member of the Romanian Parliament last elected in 1990 on the FSN ticket.

Gheorghe Sfercoci is a professor of law.

Samvel SHAGINJAN

Armenia

Born in 1954. A member of the Armenian Parliament and of the centrist and moderately nationalist National Democratic Parliamentary Group - but not a member of the party itself. Chairman of the Committee for Ecology and Environmental Research.

He read geology at the University of Yerevan, and was suspended for a year for having published some anti-Soviet poems and sonnets. He has worked as a geologist, a TV editor and a speleologist. Incarcerated in 1981, on a charge of being a spy and betraying his country, and released in 1983. He has published various papers on speleology throughout the world. Samvel is also an extremely talented jewellery designer and has shown at expos in Moscow, Montreal, Montevideo and Berne. Co-ordinator of a group of Deputies who drafted a white paper on ecological problems which was approved by Parliament.

"The Radical Party, in my opinion, is a democratic movement with a flexible structure. The most important thing for me is to be able to collaborate with parliamentarians in other countries who cherish democracy as much as I do."

Shagir SHAQIRI

Kosovo

Born in 1947 and lives at Prishtine. Member of Parliament elected on the Kosovo Democratic League list.

Shagir Shaqiri is a university professor.

Abdurashid SHARIF

Uzbekistan

Born in 1947 and lives at Tashkent. Member of the National Presidium of the BIRLIK (Unity) people's movement.

Giornalist. BIRLIK is the first independent political movement in Uzbekistan. It was founded in 1989. There is also a Birlik Party, which is different from the Erk Party in that it is generally more democratic and less nationalistic under various aspects. It is not officially recognized as a Party and, in fact, has to operate clandestinely.

Sergej SHEBOLDAEV

Russia

Born in 1937 and lives at Moscow. Member of the "Free Russia" Parliamentary Group. Member of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Republic and a Member of Mossoviet, the Soviet of the Moscow region.

In 1989 he was part of the "Democratic Platform" Group within the PCUS. He was elected Congress Leader of the "Free Russia" movement in 1991 and elected to the Supreme Soviet of Russia in 1990. He is also a member of the well-known "Memorial" association.

Elena SHEJGER MIRKHANOVA

Kazakhstan

Born in 1969 and lives at Alma Ata. Deputy Leader of the Kazakhstan Social Democratic Party.

She is extremely active politically, and has shown particular interest in the campaign to abolish the death penalty.

Lionginas SHEPETIS

Lithuania

Born in 1927 and lives at Vilnius. Former Member of the Lithuanian Parliament.

Graduated in architecture and engineering at the Kaunas Polytechnic in 1953, where he later taught. He became a member of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian KOMSOMOL in 1957 and a member of the Lithuanian PCUS in 1958, where he was Head of the Cultural and Education Section, then Deputy Head of the Ideology Department, and Head of the Department of Science, Culture and Education from 1964 to 1967. He was Minister of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania from 1967 to 1976, then Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party from 1976 to 1989. He has also published books on art. In 1987 he obtained his doctorate in philosophy and became a corresponding member of the Lithuanian Scientific Institute. Member of the Lithuanian Parliament from 1990 to 1992.

Pavel D. SHOPOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1955 at Plovdiv. Member of the Christian Democrat Party, one of the eleven parties which comprise the SDS Parliamentary Group. Member of the National Assembly elected on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition ticket.

A jurisprudence graduate, he has practised the profession of both lawyer and judge. A specialist in Civil Law. He has affirmed Christian Democrat ideals ever since the political changes began in Bulgaria following the events of November 89. Founder of the Bulgarian Christian Democrat Party, of which he is now deputy leader. Member of the National Assembly since 1991.

Petr SHORNIKOV

Moldavia

Born in 1949 and lives at Kishinev. Member of the Moldavian Parliament.

Serjei SHORNIKOV

Russia

Born in 1946 and resident of Moscow. Member of the Mossoviet, the Soviet of the Moscow region.

Ilian G. SHOTLEKOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1956 at Plovdiv. Deputy leader of the Alternative Social-Liberal Party (ASP), one of the fifteen parties which comprise the SDS Parliamentary Group. Member of the National Assembly elected on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

Holds a degree in jurisprudence from the University of Sofia. Collaborator on projects at the IDP, the Bulgarian Scientific Institute. Deputy Chairman of the Labour and Social Welfare Committee.

Claudio SIGNORILE

Italy

Born in 1937. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

An arts graduate and pupil of Federico Chabod. Author of many historical essays. University Professor. Member of the PSI leadership and National Secretariat. Former Deputy National Secretary of the PSI. Appointed several times as Minister for Special Aid to Southern Italy and Minister of Transport.

Adrian SILISTRARU

Romania

A resident of Tirgoviste. Member of the Traditional Social Democratic Party which is well-known in Romania. A former Member of the Romanian Parliament last elected in 1990.

Bosko SILJEG

Croatia

Born in 1946. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ). Former Member of the Croat Parliament elected on the HDZ ticket.

Alush SINANI

Kosovo

Born in 1964 and lives at Viti. Member of the Albanian Christian Democrat Party (PDA). Member of the Kosovo Parliament.

Alush Sinani is a lawyer.

Jurij SIVAKOV

Russia

Born in 1935. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Antun SKENDEROVIC

Serbia

Born in 1932 and lives at Subotica. Member of the Vojvodina Croat Democratic Union (DSHV). Member of the Serb Parliament.

Antun Skenderovic is an agronomist.

Ratimir SLAVIC

Croatia

Born in 1944 and lives at Zagreb. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ). Former Member of the Croat Parliament elected on the HDZ ticket.

Tatijana SMELKOVA

Kazakhstan

Born in 1951 and lives at Alma Ata. Member of the Kazakhstan Parliament.

Tatijana is a teacher.

Adrian SOFRI

Italy

Born in 1942. Leader of the Lotta Continua movement and founder of the Reporter newspaper.

A journalist and an author. In 1969, at the height of the workers' struggle, Lotta Continua was founded in Italy. It was a movement of the masses, and more precisely of workers and students - later it was to become the name of a national newspaper - to which a good part of the leftist workers belonged, and which claimed to be a new social force, an alternative to the unions and parties that already existed. The movement took a front-line position in the social battles waged in those years, from occupying houses to militant antifascism, picketing outside factories and clashes with the police, all regularly reported and emphasized in the newspaper. Lotta Continua was considered to be the most extreme of the leftist groups. Many intellectuals and democratic journalists (including Pier Paolo Pasolini and Marco Pannella), even though they often disagreed with the line Lotta Continua took, offered to lend their names as chief editor, in order that the newspaper might be published. Lotta Continua was disbanded in 1

976, but the newspaper continued for a few more years. In 1988 Sofri was arrested and charged with having ordered the killing of Police Chief Calabresi in 1972 (during this period Lotta Continua claimed that Calabresi was responsible for the death of the anarchist Pinelli, launching a heavy press campaign against him). Two former Lotta Continua activists were arrested with Sofri, one of whom was also accused of ordering the killing, and the other of carrying out the murder. The charges were founded solely on the declarations of another former member of the movement who, sixteen years after the crime, confessed to having participated in the killing himself. In 1990, at the end of a trial which divided public opinion in Italy, Adriano Sofri and his comrades were sentenced to twenty-two years imprisonment. On 23 October 1992 the Supreme Court of Appeal annulled the sentence and committed the defendants for a new trial.

Angelo SOLLAZZO

Italy

Born in 1948. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

Freelance journalist. First elected Deputy in 1992, he is on the Committee for Foreign Affairs and the Committee for Culture.

Avni SPAHIU

Kosovo

A resident of Prishtine. Member of Parliament elected on the Democratic League of Kosovo list.

Freelance journalist. Head of the Democratic League's Information Office.

Valdo SPINI

Italy

Born in 1946. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list. Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

An economics graduate and university professor. Former Vice-Secretary of the PSI and Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of the Interior. He led the work group responsible for the Quadrigoflio project in defence of normal voting and against electoral lists being infiltrated by criminal organizations.

Viktor P. SPADZHEV

Uzbekistan

Born in 1947 and lives at Tashkent. Joint Leader of the Uzbekistan Democratic Movement (DDU).

Viktor is a composer.

Tomaso STAITI DI CUDDIA DELLE CHIUSE

Italy

Born in 1932. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Social Movement (MSI) ticket.

A Deputy for three terms of government, he has recently resigned from the party. A municipal councillor of Milan.

Sergio STANZANI

Italy

Born in 1923. Secretary of the Radical Party.

An engineering graduate. General Manager of the Finmeccanica (IRI Group) in 1979, when he was elected to the Senate. He was one of the founders of the Radical Party. Since 1946 he has been part of the leadership of the Italian Student Union (UGI), the lay organization of university students which was founded at the end of World War II and which, together with Catholic student organizations and other minority associations, formed the UNURI, making it possible for university students to be represented at a local and national level. Sergio Stanzani was Leader of the UNURI in 1952 and 1953. He was a member of the PLI, from which he resigned with a number of left-wingers to found the Radical Party. He and the Radical left-wingers participated in the re-constitution of the Radical Party, for which he supervised the drafting of the new statute. Elected to the Senate in 1973, Stanzani was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1983 and confirmed at Montecitorio in the elections of June 1987. For approximately one

year he was a member of the Presidency Office in the Chamber. In previous terms of government he was, amongst other things, first a member of the Committee of Inquiry and then of the RAI Watchdog Committee. In January 1988, he was elected First Secretary of the Radical Party at the 34th Congress in Bologna, and confirmed in this post at the 34th Congress held in Budapest in April 1989.

Krassimir STEFANOV

Bulgaria

Born on 19 October 1957 at Churla in the Plovdiv region. He is not a member of any party but is a Member of the National Assembly elected on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

An agronomist specializing in irrigation. He worked in an agro-industrial complex for two years and as chief agronomist at the farm machinery depot in the city of Madan. He was Department Head - for three months - at the municipal council of Madan. Chairman of the Committee for Agriculture.

Vladimir STEFANOVSKI

Macedonia

Born in 1952 and lives at Skopje. Leader of the Macedonian People's Party.

Vladimir Stefanovski is a lawyer.

Rositza STOICHEVA

Born in 1939. Member of the National Assembly elected as an independent on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) list.

Rositza Stoicheva is also a lawyer.

Janaki STOILOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1958 and lives at Veliko Tarnovo. Member of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). Deputy elected to the National Assembly on the BSP ticket.

Member of the Legal Committee.

Krassimir STOJANOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1951 and lives at Sofia. Member of the Democratic Radical Party and of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition. Deputy elected to the National Assembly on the SDS ticket.

An engineer and a member of the Executive Committee of the Democratic Radical Party. Member of the Parliamentary Committee for Economy.

Salvatore STORNELLO

Italy

Born in 1924. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) ticket.

A member of the PSI since 1950 and a former regional councillor who held various posts. Member of the Regional Secretariat of the PSI and a member of the Budget Committee.

Sasho SOYANOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1952 at Sofia. An Independent and Member of the National Assembly elected on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

In the summer of 1968 he was arrested in Sofia for actively opposing the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.

"There are three main reasons for my having joined the Radical Party: number one, I have always wanted to participate in the building of a United States of Europe; number two, as a member of the Bulgarian Human Rights Organization, I want to make people understand that human rights must be defended throughout the world because it is necessary to respect them world-wide regardless of borders and without imposing any limits, and number three - which is a far more personal reason - I recently learned that Marco Pannella and I shared the same experience, at the same time and for the same reason, in that we were both arrested and imprisoned in Sofia in the summer of 1968."

Lorenzo STRIK LIEVERS

Italy

Born in 1944. Former Senator elected on the Radical Party list.

Modern history researcher at the University of Milan. A campaigner for the Radical Party's re-consctruction. In 1966 he was arrested for having distributed an antimilitarist flyer during the Armed Forces Parade. This action, for which Lorenzo Strik Lievers was committed for trial and found not guilty, was responsible for raising the question of the individual's right to conscientious objection amongst the electorate. He was President of the Federal Council in 1983.

Massimo STRUFFI

Italy

Born in 1944. Italian Socialist Party (PSI) Senator.

A teacher and a member of the PSI since 1961. Former Deputy Mayor and municipal councillor of Arpino. At present he is Secretary of the Committee for EC Affairs.

Vjekoslav STUDEN

Croatia

Born in 1934 and lives at Zagreb. Member of the Coatian Democratic Union (HDZ). Former Member of the Croat Parliament elected on the HDZ ticket.

A criminal lawyer who has been politically active for more than ten years, he was never a member of the Communist Party.

"I am drawn to the Radical Party mainly because of its noble objectives which are those of every people: freedom, equality and economic prosperity. Furthermore, I am profoundly sympathetic to the fundamental method applied to all its political campaigns, which utilizes nonviolent instruments and does not resort to war, repression or the use of force."

Sergej SUBBOTIN

Kazakhstan

Born in 1963. Member of the Kazakhstan Parliament. Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Defence and National Security.

Sergej Subbotin is Commander of the Frontier Troops.

Timur SULEJMENOV

Kazakhstan

Deputy elected to the Kazakhstan Parliament. Member of the leadership of the People's Congress Party.

An architect and Chairman of the Designers' Union.

Aleksandr SUNGUROV

Russia

Born in 1951. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Marco TARADASH

Italy

Born in 1950. Member of the Green Group in the European Parliament, elected on the Antiprohibitionist ticket. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Pannella list.

President of the Radical Party Federal Council from 1986 to 1988. He is a journalist, and also presented the programme Stampa e regime on Radical Radio for ten years. One of the founders of Cora (Radical Antiprohibitionist Organization) of which he was Secretary until 1992. One of the organizers of the Congress to found the LIA (International Antiprohibitionist League) in 1992, of which he is Executive Secretary.

Bekdzhan TASHMUHAMMEDOV

Uzbekistan

Born in 1935. Chairman of the State Committee for Institutional Appointments.

Stefan TCACIUC

Romania

Member of the Parliamentary Minority Group and representative of the Ukraine ethnic minority. Member of the Romanian Parliament.

Stefan Tcaciuc is a writer.

Dumitru TEACI

Romania

A resident of Bucharest. Member of the Agrarian Democratic Party. Former Member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected in 1990.

Dumitru Teaci is a university professor.

Massimo TEODORI

Italy

Born in 1938. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Radical Party list.

Deputy Secretary of the Radical Party during the first year of Stanzani's Secretaryship. Professor of American History. He participated in the re-constitution of the Radical Party in 1962. Deputy for three terms of government, he has conducted important Parliamentary campaigns which denounced government scandals. In 1992 he was a candidate on the Referendum list. He was a member and contrary reporter of the Commission of Inquiry into Sindona and the P2. Founder and managing editor of the La prova radicale and Argomenti radicali magazines.

Meruzhan TER-GULANJAAN

Armenia

Born in 1949. Member of the Armenian Parliament.

Meruzhan is a journalist.

Velimir TERZIC

Croatia

Born in 1929 and lives at Split. Member of the Croat Social Democratic Party (HSLS). Member of the Croat Parliament elected on the HSLS list.

Velimir Terzic is a university professor.

Alessandro TESSARI

Italy

Born in 1942. Former Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Radical Party ticket.

Deputy elected on the former Italian Communist Party list for several terms of government. University lecturer at Padua. He is particularly active in environmental and anti-nuclear campaigns. One of the leaders in the long struggles in which blocking tactics were employed against national emergency legislation by Radical Deputies.

Antonio TESTA

Italy

Born in 1933. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

A lawyer and Deputy Chairman of the Special Committee for examining bills concerning the reform of Parliamentary immunity.

Angelo TIRABOSCHI

Italy

Born in 1939. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

Trade Unionist. He held the post of Undersecretary of State at the Treasury several times. Former Chairman of the Budget Committee.

Hristo TODOROV

Bulgaria

Born in 1956 and lives at Dimitrovgrad. Member of the Democratic Radical Party (PRD), one of the fifteen parties which comprise the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition group in Parliament. Member of the National Assembly elected on the SDS ticket.

An engineer and silviculturist. He worked in a carpenter's workshop at Comi, in Russia, for seven years. In Bulgaria he was managing director of a reforestation company and was also a municipal councillor in Boianovo. A member of the PRD since 1989, he was first elected to the Assembly in 1991. He is married and has a daughter of fourteen. Hristo joined the Radical Party because he supports the campaign to abolish the death penalty.

Carlo TOGNOLI

Italy

Born in 1938. Member of the Italian Socialist party leadership, and member of the PSI since 1957. Member of the Chamber of Deputies.

An industrial chemist, journalist and managing editor of the Critical Sociale monthly. Mayor of Milan from 1976 until 1986, he was elected to the European Parliament in 1984. Minister for Town Planning Problems in the Goria Government and Minister of Tourism and Entertainment in the 7th Andreotti Government. He has been a member of the Radical Party since 1991.

"I willingly accepted when Marco Pannella suggested I join the Radical Party, and I would like to give my reasons here. Nineteen ninety-one was the centenary of the Critica Sociale magazine (of which I am the "unworthy" managing editor) founded by Anna Kulisciov and Filippo Turati. As this periodical was created to emancipate workers and also to defend civil rights, it seemed fitting for me to unite with the Radicals, which included joining the Party, in the campaigns they have conducted, and are conducting, in these areas. I agree with the concept of nonviolence in the real sense of the word, pursued intelligently and peacefully: this periodically re-emerges in Italy and Europe. And I agree with the Radical idea of a United Europe built on federalist lines, and with ftheir affinity to the Liberal Socialism of Rosselli and Calogero."

Sergej TOHTAROV

Kazakhstan

Born in 1963. Member of the Kazakhstan Parliament. Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Youth Problems.

Sergej is an engineer.

Zdravko TOMAC

Croatia

Born in 1937. Former Deputy Leader of the Croat Government.

He participated in the session of the Radical Party Federal Council held from 19 to 22 September 1991 in Rome. It was the period in which the political situation in the former Yugoslavia was worsening and exploding in disorder and fighting, which foreshadowed, more and more clearly, the civil war that was to follow, but which Europe refused to acknowledge. The Federal Council was immediately convened to discuss this tragic international crisis right after the failed coup in the former Soviet Union. Zdravko Tomak, having been sent to the session of the Federal Council so that he could publicly denounce the grave situation in his own country, joined the Radical Party on the last full day of Congress.

"Friends and Comrades, today I have seen with my own eyes, I have heard, listening to you, how to fight for the freedom, independence and rights of my people. We all come from different countries, and yet I have seen how important it is in today's society to unite two processes: on the one hand, the battle for the independence, self-determination and freedom of every people and, on the other hand, the need for all peoples to unite and form an international society. What democratic public opinion in Europe and the world has done so far has been something very superficial, and anyway insufficient. This is even more true after the Twelve unanimously agreed that Serbia and its Federal Army are Croatia's aggressors. It is a war between democracy and dictatorship. If Europe continues to sit and watch without taking any action, you can be sure that these armed forces will grow, and will perhaps be responsible for taking us to the threshold of a Third World War: the fall of Yugoslavia is not limited to relations bet

ween Serbs and Croats, but also includes the problems of the countries in the Balkans and in Eastern Europe generally. Europe's calmly continuing to sit and watch when relations between countries in another part of the world are resolved with force is akin to allowing violence to prevail. I have not only joined your Party to thank you for what you have done today, what you have done up until now and what you are presently doing and intend to do in the future for my people's freedom, but also because, as a member of the Radical Party, when it is a question of upholding civil rights in another country, I can happily feel it my duty to mobilize all the forces in my country, to do as you have done.

Alexander TOMOV

Bulgaria

Born in 1954 and lives in Sofia. Deputy leader of the Social Democratic Alliance (OSD) splinter group. Member of the National Assembly elected on the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) list.

An economics graduate and university lecturer since 1987. Specialist in macroeconomics. Member of the Cabinet from 1986 to 1989. In 1989 he presented Prime Minister G. Atanassov with an analysis which demonstrated that the economy was blocked for political reasons and that changes were necessary. He entered the political scene in 1990. He was elected to the Constituent Assembly in a single-member constituency as he was not on the proportional lists. In 1990 he was elected deputy leader of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). Deputy Prime Minister in the first non- communist government, responsible for the most difficult departments - Security and Defence - together with Lugev, and chief of the Energy, Agriculture and Health Departments. He was proposed as Party Leader at the last BSP Congress, but withdrew his candidacy. He is Shadow Prime Minister, as well as being Deputy Leader and one of the founders of the OSD - Obedidenie za Sozialna Democrazia - Social Democratic Alliance.

Ivan TOSSEV

Bulgaria

Born in 1960. Member of Ecoglasnost, one of the parties comprising the Union of Democratic Forces Parliamentary group. Member of the National Assembly elected on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

A composer, he also teaches classic guitar. He has been active in politics since 1989, and is particularly interested in global ecological problems. He holds Christian Democrat beliefs, and has worked as Organizer and Secretary of the regional organization of the SDS at Plovdiv.

Franco TRAPPOLI

Italy

Born in 1947. Member of the Chamber of Deputies elected on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

An economics graduate and a member of the PSI since 1965. Former Mayor of Fano. Member of the Central Committee of the PSI leadership.

Ilija TROMBICKIJ

Moldavia

Born in 1954, resident in Kishinev. Member of the Moldavian Parliament

Alexander TRUBACHEV

Russia

Born in 1954. An independent member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

This Electromechanics engineer has won an award from KOMSOMOL for research. He has been a member of the democratic movement since 1986.

Mamuka TSAGARELI

Georgia

Born in 1956, resident in Tblisi. Member of the leadership of the Democratic Party for the National Independence of Georgia. He is a member of the Parliament of Georgia and a former Deputy Minister for Information and Broadcasting under the coalition government led by Shevarnadze.

A journalist, Mamuka has been a Radical Party member for three years.

Ioan TURLACU

Romania

Ioan lives in Hirsova. He is a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), and a former member of the Romanian Parliament, last elected as an FSN candidate in 1990.

Engineer.

Sulejman UGLJANIN

Serbia

Born in 1954, resident in Novi Patar. Leader of the Democratic Action Party (SDA) and Chairman of the National Council of Sangiaccato Muslims.

Doctor.

Ion URSACHE

Romania

Member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), and a former member of the Romanian Parliament, elected on the FSN slate.

Engineer.

Josip VALINCIC

Croatia

Josip lives in Osijek. He is a member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), and a former member of the Croat Parliament, elected on the HDZ list.

Engineer.

Nikolay K. VASSILEV

Bulgaria

Born in 1947, resident in Sofia. Leader of the Alternative Liberal-Social Party (ASP). Member of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) and Minister of Education and Science.

Nikolay is a university lecturer, a philosopher and an anthropologist.

Radka Emilova VASSILEVA

Bulgaria

Born in 1960 in Dupnitza. Member of the United Democratic Centre (ODC), elected to the National Assembly on the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) list.

Radka is a research assistant at the University of Sofia. She began her political career in 1990 when she joined the SDS, the country's first Anti-Communist party formation. She is a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Education.

Hector Jorge VELAZQUEZ

Argentina

Born in 1939 in San Ignacio, in the Misiones province. He is a member of the Civic Radical Union (UCR) and a member of the Argentinian Senate.

He is leader of the Misiones district Radical Youth Movement. He is a former member of the UCR National Committee, and was a member of Parliament from 1974 to 1976. He has been a Senator since 1983. Between 1989 and 1991 he was deputy speaker of the Senate. He is currently Chairman of the Drugs Commission, and is the Argentine Senate's international environmental representative.

Luigi VERTEMATI

Italy

Born in 1938. A member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and a Euro-MP.

Luigi is a member of the PSI leadership, a member of the Environmental Protection Committee and a member of the Health and Consumer Protection Committee.

Emilio VESCE

Italy

Born in 1939. A former member of the Chamber of Deputies, elected on the Radical Party list.

Emilio is a philosophy graduate. On 7 April 1979 he was arrested and charged with belonging to an armed gang, subversion and armed insurrection against the State. He was convicted and sentenced to 13 years' imprisonment, before being pardoned after having served five years, five months and five days of his term in special prisons. In 1987 he was elected to Parliament as a Radical candidate. He is at the present time an Antiprohibitionist councillor of the Veneto region.

Gore VIDAL

United States of America

Writer and playwright.

Gore Vidal has written twenty novels, five plays and five collection of essays. He won the "National Book Critics Circle Award" in 1982. Leonardo Sciascia, the famous Italian author, described him as "a lively and intelligent writer, a serious and significant author." He is without doubt one of the best known American authors in Europe, and he is a fierce supporter of an antiprohibitionist approach to drugs.

"The United States of America was built by men who believed that every person has the right to do what he or she wants with their life, as long as this does not interfere with other people's quests for well-being. The Mafia is in favour of repressive laws on drug dealing and consumption, because if drugs were sold at their real cost price, the Mafia would have none of the financial empire they now have."

Adrien VIDEANU

Romania

Resident in Bucharest. Adrien is a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), the majority formation. He is a member of the Romanian Parliament and formerly sat on the Youth and Sports Committee.

Engineer.

Alexandru VILAIA

Romania

Alexandru lives in Rimnicu Vilcea. He is a member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), and a former member of Parliament, last elected as an FDSN candidate in 1990.

Economist.

Ioan Adrian VILAU

Romania

Member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), the majority party. He is a member of the Romanian Parliament.

Elio VITO

Italy

Born in 1960. Elected to Parliament on the Pannella list.

Elio has a degree in sociology. He joined the Radical Party in 1976, and is a member of he National Council. Since 1983 he has been working in poltics full time, specializing in local authority matters. He is a former Naples municipal councillor, and in 1990 served as national deputy Secretary of CORA, the Radical AntiProhibitionist Organization.. First elected to Parliament in 1992, he is currently Secretary of the Parliamentary European Federalist Group.

Carlo VIZZINI

Italy

Born in 1947. Leader of the Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Member of Parliament and a former Minister of the Postal Service and of Cultural Heritage.

Carlo has a law degree, and has worked as a professor of the history of economic theory. He has been an Undersecretary of State on several occasions, and is a former Minister for Regional Affairs.

Grigorij VOLOVOJ

Moldavia

Born in 1954, resident in Kishinev. Member of the Moldavian Parliament.

Engineer.

Ivan VULETIC

Croatia

Born in 1948, resident in Osijek. He is a member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), and a former member of the Croat Parliament, elected as an HDZ candidate.

George WALD

United States of America

Born in 1906. Biochemistry and biology professor at Harvard. Nobel Prizewinner for Medicine in 1967.

Mr Wald has been a Radical Party member since 1987.

"The reason why I am glad to have joined the Radical Party is that I see this party fighting for the good of the globe, for every form of life on Earth, and for the good of human beings, and this is vital. People should be considered people wherever they are, and they have a right to be treated in a civil and human manner, and governments do not assure this, not even the governments of so-called democratic countries. The distance between citizens and their governments is increasing all the time, and this often causes inhuman situations. The world over, we need to try to get back our humanity."

Francis WODIE

The Ivory Coast

National General Secretary of the Ivory Coast Labour Party (PIT), an opposition party. He is a member of the Ivory Coast National Assembly.

Francis joined the Radical Party in 1991. In March 1992 he was arrested with 150 other Ivory Coast opposition figures, including Laurent Akoun, a member of both the PIT and the Radical Party, and jailed in appalling conditions. The Radical Party immediately launched an appeal, through its "New Party" newspaper, to all the world's citizens and Members of Parliament, encouraging people to fight for the freedom of all Ivory Coast political prisoners. On July 31, after receiving hundreds of letters from subscribers to the Radical Party's newspaper, the government leader decided to clear the prisoners.

Miroslav WOLF

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1954. Member of the Movement for Democratic Autonomy - Society for Moravia and Slesia (HSD-SMS). Former member of the Czech National Assembly.

Hamadou B. YAYA

Burkina Faso

Born in 1945, he lives in Ouagadougou. Member of the Movement of Progressive Democrats. Member of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso.

Currently a member of the Economy and Finance Committee.

Sviliana B. ZAHARIEVA

Bulgaria

Born in 1942, in Mihailovgrad. Member of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (BSDP). Elected to the National Assembly on Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition list.

Graduated in Bulgarian philology. After 10 November 1989, a historic date that marked a turning point in the history of the country, he became one of the founders of the Association for the Protection of Human Rights and leader of the Mihailovgrad branch of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party .

"My wish to take part in the 36th Radical Party congress is the consequence of a problem to which it is not easy to find a solution; I refer to the role and significance of a Socialist party of the Bulgarian type which has not abandoned its Communist and anti-humanitarian positions in the radical forum".

Nikolaj ZAHAROV

Estonia

Born in 1932. Former member of the Supreme Soviet of Estonia.

Engineer.

Marat ZAHIDOV

Uzbekistan

Born in 1940, he lives in Tashkent. Member of the Uzbekistan Parliament.

University lecturer.

Dmitrij ZAPOLSKIJ

Russia

Born in 1958, he lives in St. Petersburg. Member of St. Petersburg Soviet.

Journalist and editor of the Leningrad newspaper Perekriostok. At the time of the coup he headed the resistance committee of the Independent Republic of TUVA in Siberia. He is married and has one son.

"I have become a member of the Radical Party because I believe it is the only organization on earth my conscience allows me to join. Why did I do it? Because I love my planet, the people who, like me, inhabit it and appreciate the ideals of liberty and nonviolence, and recognize the right of every living being to be himself, to follow his own path. It is for my son that I and other Radicals presented the Radical Party petition on alternative civil service to the President of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev. I believe in Love and in the Spirit. I want to be with people who understand that hatred will never bring results. Hatred is a arid desert".

Saverio ZAVETTIERI

Italy

Born in 1942, he lives in Catanzaro. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

Trade Unionist. He was first elected to Parliament in 1983. He is currently a member of the Committee on Manufacturing, Trade and Tourism.

Jurij ZBITNEV

Ukraine

Born in 1963, he lives in Kiev. Chairman of the Ukraine Social democratic Party. Member of the Ukraine Parliament.

Doctor.

Vladimir ZEMAN

Czechoslovakia

Born in 1947. Member of the Movement for Democratic Autonomy - Society for Moravia and Slesia (HSD-SMS). Former member of the Czech national Parliament.

Bruno ZEVI

Italy

Born in 1918, he lives in Rome. Honorary Chairman of the Radical Party. Former member of the Chamber of Deputies, elected on the Radical Party list.

Architectural historian of world renown, graduate from Harvard University, author of many publications. He is a professor at the Universities of Venice and Rome. He has been writing a column for the weekly L'Espresso since 1955, and is an active member of the Italian-Jewish community. He took part in the anti-fascist struggle within the Justice and Liberty Action Party. Since 1955 he has been the editor of the monthly L'architettura, cronache e storia.

Nikolaj ZHURAVSKIJ

Russia

Born in 1953. Member of the St. Petersburg Soviet.

Chairman of the Housing Policy Committee. He studied at the Leningrad Institute of Culture. He took part in the activities of informal movements and was elected to the Petrosoviet by the Memorial movement and Democratic Party block.

Naser ZIBERI

Macedonia

Born in 1942, resident in Llaskarsi. He is a member of the Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP), and a member of the Macedonian Parliament.

After obtaining a law degree at Skopje University, he continued his studies in Pristina. He then worked for five years as a journalist on Flaka and Vèllazerimit. In 1990, when the Party for Democratic Prosperity was founded, he immediately signed up. He is a member of the Constitution Committee and is Chairman of the Labour Committee. He has participated at the Brussels and Geneva conferences on the former Yugoslavia, and sits on the Ethnic Minorities' Committee.

Aleksieij ZIBIN

Estonia

Born in 1933. Member of the Socialist-leaning "Collaboration and Equality" faction. A former member of the Estonia Supreme Soviet.

An engineer, Mr Zibin has worked in scientific research institutes for thirty years. He became active in politics in 1988, two years later becoming a member of the Estonian Parliament, where he sat on the Committee for Relations between Nationalities.

Sisinio ZITO

Italy

Born in 1936. Elected to the Senate on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) list.

Sisinio has been a member of the party Central Committee since 1968. He has a degree in law and works as a journalist. He has been a co-editor of the Mondo Operaio magazine since 1973, and on several occasions has served as Undersecretary of State for Labour, Social Welfare and Education.

Suren ZOLJAN

Armenia

Born in 1955, resident in Yerevan. An independent member of the Armenian Parliament.

Suren has a Masters in philology. He was elected to Parliament in 1990. As Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on Nagorno Karabakh, he was sent to Rome and Alma Ata on the official Commission delegation.

"When I was in Rome I met Sergio Stanzani. Our conversation was very interesting, and without wasting any time I prepared a project for a nonviolent solution to fighting in Nagorno. The Radical Party and I share the same aims."

Roger Boure ZOMBRE

Burkina Faso

Born in 1947, resident in Ouagadougou. Member of the Organization for People's Democracy/Workers' Movement (ODP/MT). A member of the Burkina Faso National Assembly.

Engineer.

Alexej ZOTOV

Latvia

Born in 1949, resident in Riga. An independent member of the Latvian Parliament.

Mr Zotov is a member of the Committee on Human Rights and National Questions. He is an orthodox clergyman and parish priest of the Saint Michael church in Riga.

Laszlo ZSIGMOND

Romania

Resident in Sfintu Gheorghe. Member of the Magyar Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR) and a member of the Romanian Parliament.

The Magyar Democratic Union is riven by strong tensions between the so-called moderate wing (close to President Iliescu) and the so-called autonomist wing, including the liberal faction (headed by Erno Borbely, a member of the Radical Party who was not re-elected at the last elections).

Vjekoslav ZUGAJ

Croatia

Born in 1954. Member of the Croat Social-Liberal Party (HSLS). A former member of the Croat Parliament for Nova Gradiska, elected on a list of various coalition parties.

A journalist, Mr Zugaj ran co-ordination operations with the UN forces on the Nova Gradiska front. He has edited a book of eye-witness accounts on war in the region.

Miroslav ZUPANCIC

Croatia

Born in 1949, resident in Zagreb. Member of the Croat Democratic Union (HDZ). A former member of the Croat Parliament elected as an HDZ candidate.

Miroslav is a sculptor. He has been active in politics since 1989, after spending many years working in social and recreational fields.